Effects of a Self-Efficacy Enhancement Program on Dietary and Exercise Behaviors among Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Keywords:
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Dietary Behavior, Exercise Behavior, Self-Efficacy Enhancement ProgramAbstract
The purposes of this quasi- experimental research were to examine the effects of a self-efficacy enhancement program on dietary and exercise behaviors among pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. The sample comprised pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus, who received services at the antenatal clinic of Maharat Nakhon Si Thammarat Hospital between July and October, 2016. Fifty pregnant women were purposively selected and assigned into an experimental group (n=25) or a control group (n=25). Experimental group received the self-efficacy enhancement program, while control group received standard care. Study instruments consisted of 2 parts:1) the experimental instrument, i.e.the self-efficacy enhancement program, and 2) the data-collecting instrument, comprising a personal data questionnaire, a dietary behavior questionnaire as well as an exercise behavior questionnaire. Validity of instrument was confirmed by 3 experts. Reliability of dietary behavior questionnaire and exercise behavior questionnaire was tested using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, yielding values of .84 and .81, respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-test.
The results revealed that the experimental group had mean scores of dietary behavior (M=51.24, SD=2.63) and exercise behavior (M=46.08, SD=4.74) significantly higher after receiving the self-efficacy enhancement program than before intervention (M=36.04, SD=3.82 and M=27.80, SD=7.48, respectively) (p < .001). The experimental group who received the self-efficacy enhancement program had mean scores of dietary behavior (M=51.24, SD=2.63) and exercise behavior (M=46.08, SD=4.74) significantly higher than participants in control group (M=33.60, SD=3.24 and M=29.92, SD=4.45, respectively) (p<.001).
In conclusion, the self-efficacy enhancement program can improve appropriate dietary and exercise behaviors of pregnant women with gestational diabetes. Therefore, it should be used to design nursing activities during pregnancy, in order to promote blood glucose control.
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