Effects of a Self-Management Program on Health Behaviors, Waist Circumference, Body Mass Index, Body Fat Percentage, and Blood Pressure Levels among Hypertension Risk Groups in the Outpatient Department of Pa Daet Hospital, Chiang Rai Province
Keywords:
Blood Pressure Levels, Health Behaviors, Hypertension Risk Group, Self-Management ProgramAbstract
This quasi-experimental study aimed to examine the effects of a self-management program on health behaviors, waist circumference, BMI, body fat percentage, and blood pressure in individuals predisposed to hypertension. The sample comprised 52 people at risk of hypertension who were admitted to the outpatient department of Pa Daet Hospital in Chiang Rai province. Both the control and experimental groups comprised 26 persons each. The research instruments utilized included 1) a self-management program developed by the researchers; 2) a health behavior questionnaire for individuals at risk of hypertension, demonstrating a content validity index of .96 and a reliability of .71, as assessed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient; 3) a digital sphygmomanometer; and 4) an automatic scale and height measurement apparatus. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, independent t-tests, and Mann-Whitney U tests.
The results demonstrated that the cohort engaged in the self-management program had significantly higher average health behavior scores (mean = 71.62, S.D. = 7.80) in comparison to their pre-program scores (mean = 68.23, S.D. = 6.11) and above the control group receiving conventional care. Post-program participation resulted in a reduction in the average waist circumference, body mass index, body fat percentage, and systolic blood pressure of the participants relative to their pre-program values. Furthermore, the systolic blood pressure was significantly lower than that of the control group (p < .05). However, the waist circumference, body mass index, body fat percentage, and diastolic blood pressure levels showed no significant differences between the experimental and control groups. The self-management program substantially assists the hypertensive risk group in embracing enhanced health practices and reducing hypertension risk.
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