Targeted Immunotherapy
Keywords:
CAR-T cell, Immune checkpoint inhibitors, Personalized cancer vaccine, Targeted immunotherapyAbstract
Targeted immunotherapy represents a major advancement in cancer treatment by enhancing the immune system’s ability to specifically recognize and eliminate tumor cells while minimizing damage to normal tissues. This article reviews over 100 relevant studies and synthesizes essential knowledge for explaining mechanisms of action, clinical applications across various cancer types, therapeutic outcomes, limitations, challenges, and future perspectives. Current evidence indicates that targeted immunotherapy can significantly improve survival outcomes and quality of life in patients. However, challenges remain, including tumor immune evasion, immune-related adverse events, and the lack of reliable predictive biomarkers. With ongoing advances in genomics, artificial intelligence, and personalized neoantigen vaccines, targeted immunotherapy has the potential to become a cornerstone of precision oncology in the near future.
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