Prevalence and associated factors of abnormal urine in healthy 5-year-old children at the Well Child Clinic of Health Promotion Center 7, Khon Kaen

Abstract

Urinalysis is one of the screening tests provided to 5-year-old children at the Well Child Clinic (WCC) of Health Promotion Center 7, Khon Kaen to early detect
children with urinary tract diseases. However, there has been no published evidence regarding urine screening test results in Thai children. The objectives of this study are
1) To determine the prevalence of abnormal urine in healthy 5-year-old children and 2) To determine factors associated with abnormal urine detected. This retrospective
review was performed based on medical records of children having urine screening tests done at the WCC from 1st June 2017 to 31st May 2020.
Of 606 children, 54.3% were female. The prevalence of children with abnormal urine was 7.8% (95% Confdence Interval (CI) = 5.62-9.89). These abnormalities
consisted of isolated pyuria (3.9%), isolated proteinuria (3%) and isolated hematuria (0.5%), mixed proteinuria-pyuria (0.2%) and mixed pyuria-proteinuria-hematuria (0.2%).
Gender was the only factor signifcantly associated with abnormal urine (P<0.05). Female were more likely to have an abnormal urine than male (Adjusted Odd Ratio
= 3.46, 95% CI = 1.65-7.26). In conclusion, the prevalence of children with abnormal urine in this study was 7.8%. The most common abnormality was pyuria. There was
signifcant association between abnormal urine and gender as female.