ประสิทธิผลของโปรแกรมป้องกันโรคความดันโลหิตสูงในบุคคลที่เสี่ยงต่อโรคความดันโลหิตสูง Effectiveness of a Hypertension Prevention Program in High-Risk Persons to Hypertension

Abstract

The purpose of the quasi-experimental research was to study the effectiveness of a hypertension prevention program on self-awareness, self-efficacy, hypertension prevention behaviors, outcome expectations and the mean arterial pressure of persons with high risk of hypertension.

                        The sample included high-risk persons in Takean Subdistrict, Kap Choeng District, Surin Province, having a systolic blood pressure of 120-139 mmHg, a diastolic blood pressure of 80–89 mmHg and who had parents or siblings with hypertension.       A total of 70 subjects recruited by random sampling were divided in half; a treatment group of 35 and a control group of 35. Implementation instruments included: first, a hypertension prevention program based on the self-awareness theory of Duval and Wicklund and the self-efficacy theory of Bandura. Activities of the 10-week-program comprised: 1) watching videos , skill training, completing workbooks,  2)  sharing  successful participant experiences,  3) employing verbal persuasion and lectures,  4)  utilizing a role model of health, 5) arousing emotions and second, a hypertension prevention handbook. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire comprised of six sections: general information, self-awareness, self-efficacy, hypertension prevention behavior, outcome expectations, and clinical data. Content validity indexes (CVIs) were .80-.98 and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were .      83-.96. The other instruments were a waist tape, a digital weight scale, and a blood pressure monitor. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and t–tests.

The results were as follow; after enrolling in the program, week 10:1) the self-awareness, self-efficacy, hypertension prevention behaviors, and outcome expectations of the experimental group were significantly better than before attending the program, as well as, better than the comparative group at the.05 level of significance, and 2) the mean arterial pressure of the experimental group was notably lower than before attending the program.  However, the difference was not statistically different from the control group at the .05 level. Suggestions should be made to assess and enhance the knowledge of vulnerable family members. Practical guidance for the skills that can trigger the risk to be treated properly therefore continuing support training may required.