Serotype Relationships of Rotaviruses Causing Diarrhea in Patients and Mammals
Keywords:
Rotaviruses, Diarrhea, Mammals, Zoonosis, SerotypeAbstract
Group A rotavirus (RVA) is the major pathogen causing acute gastroenteritis, and new strain of RVA could be generated by reassortment between rotavirus genes among RVA strains. Vaccination could not be effective to prevent the disease if mutant RVA carries mutational point(s) at binding site(s) of vaccine. The aim of this study was to determine the serotype relationships of RVA from patients and mammals by nucleotide sequences analysis using Sanger sequencing. A total of 350 stool samples were collected from Nakhon Pathom, Ratchaburi, and Udon Thani, during September 2022 and May 2023. We found that 83 samples showed positive results by reverse transcription PCR and 56 samples (67.47 %, from 83 detectable samples) could be classified as the VP7 (G-serotype) and VP4 (P-serotype) of RVA. Results of phylogenetic analysis showed that G3 was major VP7 (41.07 %), followed by G9 (33.93%). The major VP4 was P[8] (51.79%), followed by P[13] (33.93%). The predominant RVA was G3P[8], followed by G8P[8]. Interestingly, we found that the VP7 gene of G9 were closely related to porcine-like human RVA. The VP7 gene of G5 and G1 human RVA were also closely related to those of porcine RVA. The VP7 gene of G6 genotype from cattle was closely related to porcine and/or porcine-like human RVA. Analysis of neutralization epitopes using amino acid sequences revealed that the G10P[11] strain in cattle and the G5P[8] strain in patients carried the amino acid change at 33 and 10 positions, respectively. The polar amino acid changes were 19 and 6 positions, respectively, in comparison to vaccine strains. These RVA isolates might be generated by reassortment between human and animal RVAs. These variations in antigenic sites might lead to escape from the RVA neutralizing-antibody in rotavirus vaccines. Therefore, continuous monitoring of RVA serotypes and RVA reassortment is necessary to provide relevant data for assessing the impact on the protectiveness of currently available vaccines.References
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