Antioxidant Properties, Total Phenolics and Flavonoids and the Inhibition of Cell Proliferation in Cholangiocarcinoma from Thai Herbals

Abstract

This research studied the biochemical properties of Thai herbal extracts, namely the antioxidant properties, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and the inhibition of cell prolif-eration in cholangiocarcinoma. The extracts were prepared by maceration in organic solvents. The ethyl acetate extracts of Balanophora abbreviata (BA) and Dalbergia parviflora (DP) were found to possess antioxidants against ABTS●+ and DPPH● and have high contents of total phenolics and flavonoids.  The TEAC values for ABTS●+ and DPPH● of BA ethyl acetate extract were 1.878  ± 0.023  and 1.238  ± 0.066,  respectively, while the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were detected as 500.71 ± 5.84 mg GAE g-1extract and 353.89 ± 14.7 mg QE g-1extract, respectively. The TEAC values for ABTS●+ and DPPH● of DP ethyl acetate extract were 0.892 ± 0.025 and 1.943  ± 0.177, respectively, while the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were detected to be 362.44  ± 5.95 mg GAE g-1extract and 685.93  ± 36.19  mg QE g-1extract, respectively. The methanol extracts of BA, DP, and Barleria  cristata  (BC) exhibited the percent inhibition of cell proliferation in cholangiocarcinoma cell line, RMCCA-1, at 51.21  ± 1.57, 64.51  ± 0.77  and 40.40  ± 0.58,  respectively. However, the inhibition was not detected in Cholangiocyte  cell line, MMNK-1.  These studies concluded that the ethyl acetate extracts of BA and DP contain effective antioxidants, a high level of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and the methanol extracts of BA and DP has the potential to inhibit cell proliferation in Cholangiocarcinoma.  This information has the potential to be applied in pharmacological and biomedical research for developing effective cancer chemotherapeutic agents in the future.