In vitro Study of Antioxidant, Anti-glycation and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Thai Medicinal Plants for Diabetic Patients

Abstract

This study aimed to determine total phenolic contents, antioxidant, anti-glycation  and anti-inflammatory  activities  of  freeze-dried  juices  and 70%  ethanol  extract  from  6  Thai anti-diabetes plants namely holy basil leaves (Ocimum   sanctum  L.), pandan leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius  Roxb.), ivy gourd leaves (Coccinia  grandis  (L.) Voigt), aloe jelly (Aloe vera Linn), bitter cucumber fruits (Momordica  charantia   Linn.) and wild pepper leaves (Piper sarmentosum Roxb.ex  Hunter). The findings demonstrated that the ethanol extracts had higher antioxidant activity than that of the freeze-dried  juices in accordance with the total amount of phenolic compounds. The ethanol extract of holy basil leaf had the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 = 7.39 ± 1.56 µg/mL) which was higher than that of the standard butylatedhydroxytoluene (BHT, IC50  = 78.56  ±  8.34  µg/mL). Only the ethanol extracts showed the anti-glycation activity. With the concentration  of 0.1 mg/mL, ivy gourd leaf extract had the highest percentage of inhibition of glycation,  36.86  ± 2.19,  which was higher than that of the standard aminogua- nidine (32.55  ± 1.56).  For the anti-inflammatory activity, pandan leaf extract inhibited nitric oxide generation  up to 88.6  ± 1.85 percent which was similar to that of the standard aminogua- nidine (89  ± 4.36).  For the inhibition of prostaglandin E2  production, the ethanol extract of wild pepper leaf produced 81.7% inhibition compared to the standard indomethacin with 85.1% inhibition. The results could lead to further development in pharmacological studies and nutritional supplements for diabetes patients.