Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Carbapenem Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa lsolated from Patients in Maharaj Nakhon Si Thammarat Hospital

Abstract

Carbapenem resistant   Acinetobacter baumannii and  Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CR-AB  and CR-PA)  causing  nosocomial  infections  are  the important problems  that occur  in the hospital around  the world. These infections can lead to increased  severity  of the disease and prolonged  hospitalization. This research study was geared  to determine the prevalence and  the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns  of CR-AB  and CR-PA  isolated  from  patients  in Maharaj Nakhon  Si Thammarat Hospital.  The data and  related  patient  information were obtained  from the  microbiology laboratory and the hospital information system. In total, 1,558 clinical isolates (853   A. baumannii isolates  and  705  P. aeruginosa  isolates)  collected  from  January 1 to December  31, 2018 were analyzed  by using descriptive study. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were tested  by a modified  Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion  technique. CR-AB  and CR-PA  were found  in

554 isolates (64.9%) and 69 isolates (9.8%),  respectively. The prevalence of CR-AB and CR-PA

were  found  in males (64.3%  CR-AB,  60.9%  CR-PA)  more  than  in females  (35.7%  CR-AB,

39.1%  CR-PA)  age30  years. Sputum  was the main source  of CR-AB  (61.2%)  and CR-PA (65.2%). The  patients  with  CR-AB  and  CR-PA  infection  were  predominantly detected  in the ICU. The CR-AB isolates were resistant  to almost all antimicrobial agents tested, however, 88.5% of CR-AB  isolates remained  susceptible  to tigecycline. Many CR-PA  isolates retained  suscepti­ bility to aminoglycosides, other beta-lactams and fluoroquinolones. In conclusion, CR-AB isolates were found  in higher  prevalence  rates than  those of CR-PA  in Maharaj  Nakhon Si Thammarat Hospital,  in  2018.  Almost  all  CR-AB  isolates  are  multidrug resistant,  while  several  CR-PA isolates seem to be resistant  to only carbapenems but not other antimicrobial agents.