Transmission, Detection and Disinfection of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Water Sources
Keywords:
Health, Covid-19, SAR-CoV-2, Disinfection, SurveillanceAbstract
After further studying the SARS-CoV-2 virus and observing a decreasing trend in its spread, there is still an ongoing outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Thailand, especially during significant festivals such as the Songkran Festival of the year 2567. During this festival, 1,004 COVID-19 patients were hospitalized, averaging 143 daily cases. This article presents an examination of the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in water sources and describes methods for detecting and eliminating the virus in water. The virus can persist in untreated water at 23°C for 2-4 days. Contaminated water used for drinking or direct contact can lead to COVID-19 infection. Studies have found that communities lacking public resources have higher rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection than the general population. Wastewater from communities can contain genetic material of the SARS-CoV-2 virus at concentrations ranging from 0.33 to 149.90 copies/L/person. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) remains popular for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in water to measure RNA quantities of the virus. Common methods to kill the SARS-CoV-2 virus in water accessible to the general public include boiling water at a minimum temperature of 65°C for 30 minutes or boiling it at 100°C for 1 minute. Chemicals such as strong chlorine-based agents like concentrated hydrochloric acid (HClO2) at 0.41-0.74 mg/L, with just 1 minute of contact time, or sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) at a concentration of 0.54 mg/L, can destroy the virus in water by up to 99%. Therefore, vigilance to prevent and control the spread of the disease remains crucial.
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กรมอนามัย กระทรวงสาธารณสุข. คําแนะนําในการจัดการสุขาภิบาลน้ำบริโภค สําหรับประชาชน ในช่วงการเกิดโรคติดเชื้อไวรัสโคโรน่า 2019 (COVID – 19) [อินเตอร์เน็ต]. [สืบค้นเมื่อ 5 พฤษภาคม 2566]. แหล่งข้อมูล: https://covid19.anamai.moph.go.th/web-upload/2xdccaaf3d7f6ae30ba6ae1459eaf3dd66/m_document/6734/34110/file_download/70e647cbf8000297dbaa1accb39a2347.pdf
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เนื้อหาและข้อมูลในบทความที่ลงตีพิมพ์ในวารสารการแพทย์และสาธารณสุข มหาวิทยาลัยอุบลราชธานี ถือเป็นข้อคิดเห็นและความรับผิดชอบของผู้เขียนบทความโดยตรง ซึ่งกองบรรณาธิการวารสารไม่จำเป็นต้องเห็นด้วย หรือร่วมรับผิดชอบใด ๆ
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