The effects of motivational interviewing programs on medication adherence behaviors in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a systematic review
Keywords:
medication adherence, motivational interviewing, schizophreniaAbstract
Objective: To systematically review the effects of motivational interviewing interventions on medication adherence in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. Medical subject heading (MeSH) and keywords following the PICO framework were applied to search for the literatures on PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and ThaiJO. Relevant studies were independently screened, selected and appraised by two researchers. Quality appraisal by using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0) was categorized into three-level: low, unclear, and high risk of biases. Data from the included studies were extracted and synthesized using descriptive analysis.
Results: Of 1,047 identified studies, six studies, published between 2013 and 2023, met the inclusion criteria. Of the included studies, two were randomized control trials (RCT), and four were quasi-experimental studies. Five studies with high or unclear biases reported significantly higher scores of medication adherence among the experimental group, compared to the control group, immediately after the MI programs. In contrast, one study with low-risk of bias did not find the difference of the medication adherence between the MI and control groups.
Conclusion: The MI programs could increase at least a short period of medication adherence among patient with schizophrenia spectrum disorder. However, a high risk of bias in the majority of studies and heterogeneity in methodology could limit the external validity and the meta-analysis of the results.
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