The OECD framework for mental health development: a policy analysis and implications for Thailand’s mental health system

Abstract

Thailand’s declaration of its goal to join of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) by 2030 has created a pressing need to reform national laws, policies, and practices to align with international standards, particularly in the areas of public health and mental health. These issues represent the key priorities in the initial phase of the accession, under the OECD Council’s recommendation emphasizing mental health integration across four key pillars: health systems, education and youth systems, workplaces, and welfare systems, reflecting the concept of “mental health in all policies.”

In the Thai context, its notable strengths include a comprehensive universal health coverage system, community-based mental health screening and care, the use of digital technologies, and integrated implementation through multi-sectoral partnerships. Nevertheless, Thailand continues to face major challenges, including disparities in the distribution of mental health professionals, a rising burden of certain mental disorders, persistent social stigma, and gaps in access to treatment and rehabilitation, particularly in relation to the integration of mental health with education, employment, and social welfare systems.

This article proposes policy and practical approaches to advance Thailand’s mental health system in alignment with OECD standards. These include raising awareness, preventing discrimination, addressing mental health issues in education and workplace settings, developing human resources, and integrating data and collaboration across multiple ministries and sectors. Together, these efforts aim to improve population well-being and to sustainably enhance the country’s human capital.