Pathogenesis and Virulence of Bacterial Infection
Keywords:
Bacteria, Infectious diseases, Pathogenesis, VirulenceAbstract
This article is a criticized literature review article on pathogenesis and virulence of bacterial infection. The pathogenesis and virulence of bacterial infections result from interactions among pathogens, microbiota, and the host immune system. Bacteria cause infections through mechanisms such as adhesion, tissue invasion, and toxin production (exotoxins and endotoxins), classifying them as primary or opportunistic pathogens. The microbiota plays a crucial role in infection prevention by competing with pathogens and stimulating the immune system. However, environmental factors and antibiotic use can disrupt microbiota balance and increasing infection risk. Bacteria evade immunity through Antigenic variation and biofilm formation, leading to chronic infections and antibiotic resistance. Modern perspectives, including Disease tolerance and the Damage response framework, emphasize the host's internal factors influencing disease severity. Understanding these mechanisms aids in developing effective strategies for infection prevention and treatment.
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