Effect of Motivational Interviewing Program on Health Literacy of New Case of Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Abstract

This was a quasi-experimental research two-group pretest-posttest design. The objective is to study the effects of a motivational interviewing program on the health literacy of new cases of type 2 diabetes patients in Thamai Hospital. The sample group consisted of 56 new patients with type 2 diabetes.  The study was conducted between October 2022 and March 2023.  The tool used in the intervention was a motivational conversation program. to create health literacy in 5 phases. These include 1) creating a partnership between the therapist and the patients through conversation, 2) finding and strengthening motivation to change behavior, 3) providing information and offering options for behavior change that is the goal of the patients 4) following up on the results of actions and 5) reflecting on the results of behavior change. The self-report questionnaire used to collect data includes the demographic data questionnaire, motivational conversation recording form, HbA1C level recording form, and health literacy measure. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and health literacy scores and HbA1c levels were compared within the experimental and control groups using paired t-tests, and health literacy scores and HbA1C levels were compared between the experimental and control groups using independent sample t-tests.

        The results showed that the experimental group had significantly better mean HbA1C and overall health literacy scores were better than before receiving the motivation interviewing program on health literacy at a statistical significance of 0.05 (t = 4.02, p < 0.001; t = -9.77, p < 0 .001). As for the control group, HbA1C levels and overall health literacy score before and after the intervention were not different at the 0.05 significance level (t = 0.55, p = 0.587; t = 0.120, p = 0.905). The experimental group had better HbA1C levels and overall health literacy scores after the intervention than the control group at a statistical significance of 0.05 (t = -4.07, p  < 0.001; t = 9.45, p  < 0.001). This study suggested that the importance of motivational interview in increasing health literacy among new case of type 2 diabetes patients enabling them to practice appropriate health behaviors to control disease severity.