INSTITUTE FOR URBAN DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION JOURNAL

Epidemiology of influenza patients in Thailand between A.D. 2014 – 2021

Oiythip Yasopa — 2024-11-20

In Thailand, Influenza cases are reported in all age groups and distributed in all parts of the country. The epidemiological characteristics of influenza patients are crucial, which can be utilized for disease surveillance, guideline setting, and planning for disease prevention and control measures. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics of influenza patients in Thailand during A.D. 2014 – 2021. This was a descriptive study using secondary data from the National Disease Notification Surveillance (Report 506), and laboratory confirmed Influenza virus data from the Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health. This study revealed a total of 1,236,299 influenza patients in Thailand during A.D. 2014 – 2021. There were 296 deaths among those influenza cases with the case fatality rate accounting for 0.02%. Male to female ratio was 1:1.03. Most patients were found among children less than 5 years of age accounting for 21.26%, followed by more than 5 to 9 years of age which accounting for 18.91%. The highest morbidity was found in 2019 accounting for 606.00 per 100,000 population (396,363 cases), and the highest case fatality rate was found in 2014, accounting for 0.12% (91 cases). The Influenza morbidity rate was considerably decreased during the Coronavirus 2019 pandemic years. Regarding spatial distribution, the highest morbidity rate was found in the central region. Influenza cases were reported from the top 5 provinces which were mostly shown in Bangkok, followed by Rayong, Chiang Mai, Phayao, and Chanthaburi respectively. From year 2016 to 2019, most cases were found in September every year. The predominant influenza virus strains were various annually. This study shows that the number of cases was diversely reported by age groups, regions, and seasonal intervals. This study recommends influenza surveillance system should focus on school children specifically from newborn to under 9 years of age as most reported cases were found. Active surveillance can be initiated and focused on the area of the most populated provinces including the center of the economy such as Bangkok, Rayong and Chiang Mai, which specific measures, guidelines, and surveillance can be implemented. Moreover, early influenza detection should be provided before the rainy season in September when most cases are found annually. Consequently, effective control measures for influenza cases can be performed which results in reducing the morbidity rates, and case fatality rates of influenza patients.

Application of the ARIMA Model for Forecasting Tuberculosis Incidents in Thailand, Neighboring Countries

Suganya Sattatummakul — 2024-11-20

Tuberculosis is still a major issue for the Thai public health community. Tuberculosis control focuses on finding patients in the early detection and treating them as soon as possible. Forecasting the number of tuberculosis patients in Thailand, neighboring countries, and China is important information in the management, prevention, and control of tuberculosis. The ARIMA model of Box and Jenkins method has been used in China, Malaysia, and Kenya. The objective of this research is to forecast the number of tuberculosis cases in China, Cambodia, Myanmar, Laos, Malaysia, and Thailand with the ARIMA model using the number of incidents from 2020 to 2023 from the World Health Organization database. The results from the monthly forecast values of the model that best fit the data ARIMA(p,d,q)(P,D,Q)m, when considered on an annual basis, showed that in 2024, the percentage of the number of patients increased from 2023 in China and Malaysia, at +8.15 and +1.11, respectively. Countries that decreased were Cambodia, Laos, and Thailand at -1.81, -9.22, and -2.30, respectively. As for Myanmar, in 2023 it increased from 2022 to +23.33, and the incident rate per 100,000 people appeared as follows: Myanmar 252.28, Cambodia 166.23, Thailand 106.72, Laos 105.49, Malaysia 76.02, and China 33.40.

Perceived risk of medical conditions that lead to traffic accidents and opinion on current medical examinations for driver's licenses

Pasawit Dusadeewijai — 2024-11-20

Road accidents remain a major public health issue in Thailand. Medical conditions can impair driving ability and increase accident risk. However, public awareness of these risks and attitudes toward the current system of medical examinations for licensing are not well understood. Protection Motivation Theory posits that risk perceptions motivate adoption of protective behaviors. This study examined public perceptions of accident risk from medical conditions and opinions on the medical examination process. An online survey was conducted with 410 residents of Bangkok aged 18+ years old. The questionnaire assessed perceived vulnerability and severity for accidents caused by 11 categories of medical conditions, as well as opinions on increasing medical examinations and discontinuing certain screening tests. Respondents perceived a high to very high risk of accidents from vision problems, seizures/epilepsy, sleep disorders, medication side effects, and heart disease. Risk perception was lower for diabetes, older drivers, hearing impairment, and musculoskeletal conditions. Personal vehicle drivers perceived higher risk than passengers. Most respondents agreed or strongly agreed with increasing medical examinations for licensing. Most respondents disagreed with eliminating screenings for colorblindness, tuberculosis, leprosy and elephantiasis. Factors associated with higher severity perception included income, education level, driving experience, and accident history. The findings align with evidence that neurological, cardiovascular and visual disorders substantially impact driving ability. However, chronic conditions were perceived as lower risk. Drivers appropriately recognized their increased risk compared to passengers. The desire to maintain tests for colorblindness and infectious diseases indicates some misconceptions about their relevance. This study found that the Thai public perceived a high risk of accidents from medical conditions known to impair driving, but had lower risk perception for some chronic conditions. Respondents strongly supported increasing the use of medical examinations for licensing, but opposed removing tests of uncertain relevance. Policymakers should use these findings along with medical evidence to develop licensing criteria that are effective, fair and acceptable.

Correlational between Health Literacy and Dengue Fever Prevention Behavior among Village Health Volunteers in Nakhon Pathom Province

Monsikan Julsawat — 2024-11-20

This study aims to evaluate the Health Literacy of dengue fever among Village Health Volunteers in Nakhon Pathom province. It explores the relationship between Health Literacy and preventive behaviors regarding dengue fever among these volunteers. The sample group comprises 140 Village Health Volunteers selected using a multi-stage sampling method in each district. The questionnaire used includes personal information in Part 1, an assessment of knowledge about dengue fever in Part 2, and an assessment of preventive behaviors and disease control in Part 3. The questionnaire has a Content Validity Index (CVI) between 0.67 and 1.00. The reliability test found that Part 2 and Part 3 of the questionnaire have reliability values of 0.852 and 0.758, respectively. The data was analyzed using statistical methods including frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and correlation analysis between Health Literacy and health behaviors using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The research findings show that the overall Health Literacy of the Village Health Volunteers regarding the relationship between Health Literacy and preventive behaviors for dengue fever in Nakhon Pathom province is predominantly high (65.7%). Significant statistical correlations were found between Health Literacy and preventive behaviors for dengue fever, particularly in components related to understanding dengue fever (r = 0.166, p-value = 0.025) and skills in applying information (r = 0.183, p-value = 0.015). Based on these results, it is suggested that efforts should be made to enhance the knowledge of Village Health Volunteers about dengue fever and disseminate this knowledge to prevent future disease outbreaks.

A Study of Indoor air quality in operating room Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital

Piyatad Bumrungwech — 2024-11-20

This study aimed to assess indoor air quality in the Operating Room (OR) of the Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital. Two-size of particles (0.5 and 5.0 micron), Air Change Rate, Pressure Differential, Temperature and Relative Humidity were measured for 1-hour period in each room in March, 2023. The result found that the particles count of 0.5 micron ranged from 231.00-5577.00 particles/ft³, the particles count of 5.0 micron from 5.00-67.00 particles/ft³, air change rate ranged from 12 to 30, the pressure differential ranged from 2.00-54.10 pa, temperature ranged from 15.80 to 22.20 °C and relative humidity ranged 54.00 to 82.50 %Rh. When comparing with the standard guideline of OR air quality, found that 100.0% of 0.5 and 5.0 micron particles count, 94.4% of Air Change Rate, 97.2% of Pressure Differential, 52.7% of Temperature, and 2.8% of Relative Humidity were in reference values. The relationships between measured air quality and environmental parameters found particle counts of 5.0 micron exhibited a positive correlation with particle counts of 5.0 micron (r_s = 0.358, P< 0.05) but had a negative correlation with Air change rate (r_s = -0.347, P< 0.05). In this study, most of the measured Relative Humidity did not comply with standard values. Thus, we suggest to adjust air conditioning system and Humidity Control System by using the Dehumidifier or Duct Heater to reduce the humidity in the operating room. Regular air conditioner maintenance should be planned to function effectively and efficiently. A proper management of air in operating room provides not only a safe working environment for staffs but also safety for patients. This will potentially reduce the risk of surgical infection and other health effects in patients. Moreover, it will prolong the use-life of the OR air system at its best.

Tuberculosis Prevention Practices among Elderly in Bangkok

Widapha Wannasri — 2024-11-20

This cross-sectional descriptive research aimed to study level of tuberculosis prevention practices and factors affecting the practices to prevent tuberculosis of among the elderly in Bangkok. The study samples comprised of 420 elderlies aged 60 years and over in Bang Khae District and Bang Khen District. The data were collected using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, and logistic regression analysis. Results of the study found that elderly people had good tuberculosis prevention practices at a high level of 63.1%. In addition, it was found that knowledge about tuberculosis and attitude towards tuberculosis prevention were as high as 70.5% and 80.5%, respectively. Independent variables that affect The TB prevention of the elderly in Bangkok were education level (OR_adj =3.22, p-value = 0.006), knowledge about tuberculosis (OR_adj =2.38, p-value <0.001), and attitude tuberculosis and prevention (OR_adj =2.26, p-value = 0.002). In conclusion, there is a high level prevalence of good practices in prevention tuberculosis and found that the education level was high. Having a high level of knowledge about tuberculosis and a high level of attitude about tuberculosis and tuberculosis prevention, affects good tuberculosis prevention practices.

The Causes of loss children and youth in Thailand: The Case study of investigation the causes of injuries and deaths from road accidents among Thai children and youth

Pun janpanich — 2024-11-20

The case study investigates the causes of injuries and deaths from road accidents among Thai children and youth under 20 years old. The research employed a format combining qualitative methods to investigation case, in-depth interviews and group discussions to gather opinions from experts. It also involved a detailed analysis of human factors contributing to errors at the individual level, spanning five areas: regulations, vehicles, environment, drivers, and road users. Systematic problems were analyzed using the Swiss Cheese Model across four levels: 1) unsafe actions, 2) unsafe conditions, 3) supervision, and 4) organizational factors, government policies, and educational institutions. The aim was to make recommendations to address the issues of injuries and deaths among children and youth.

The study revealed that the age group most affected by motorcycle accidents was 15-19 years old. Based on in-depth interviews many in this group started driving motorcycles between the ages of 13-15, often learning from parents, relatives, friends, or self-practice without structured education. In-depth factor analysis using the Swiss Cheese Model identified that most unsafe acts were caused by the drivers themselves, primarily due to lack of situational awareness followed by errors in decision-making and driving skills based on these findings, policy recommendations at the national level focus on accelerating initiatives targeting children and youth.

Recommendations from the group discussion of experts suggest setting goals for children and youth, developing curricula, practical experience courses, and enhancing critical thinking skills related to hazard perception, risk assessment, situational awareness, and decision-making abilities. There is also emphasis on enhancing teacher capacity to ensure effective learning outcomes.

Exploring Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Smartwatch and Health App Utilization for Chronic Disease Management among Thai People Age 15-70 Years

Napanat Likasittananon — 2024-11-20

Non-communicable diseases are the leading cause of global and Thai mortality. Wearable techology and health applications enable real-time management of chronic illnesses, crucial for user health. This study aimed to explore knowledge, attitudes, and influential factors on smartwatch and health app usage for chronic disease management. This survey research was conducted from March 1 to April 30, 2024, in Bangkok among internet-accessible individuals aged 15-70. The sample size was calculated as 356, the data was collected randomly with an online questionnaire (Google form) which was verified by experts with an IOC value of 1.0 and 1.0. Out of 718 participants, findings revealed moderate knowledge (75.91%) and positive attitudes (78.41%) towards these technologies. Gender and knowledge significantly predicted attitudes (Beta=0.253, p<0.01 and Beta=0.151, p<0.01, respectively). Smartwatches predominantly monitor health and activity, appealing more to individuals managing chronic conditions or focused on fitness, rather than those less engaged in physical activity or without chronic ailments.

Based on the research findings, it is recommended to promote knowledge about using smartwatches and health apps through training and educational materials. The findings emphasize the benefits of health monitoring and exercise tracking, particularly for individuals with health issues. Awareness should be raised by sharing success stories and relevant information. Furthermore, improving features to enhance ease of use can increase interest and acceptance. Additionally, the use of smartwatches for general health tracking, such as sleep monitoring and stress measurement, should be highlighted.

The Protection Motivation and Behavior of using Temephos-coated Sand for Dengue Vector Control among Household Residents in Nakhon Ratchasima Province

Nakarin Sisasima — 2024-11-20

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a national public health problem. Dengue vector control is crucial for dengue prevention and control, particularly in tropical countries. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the protection motivation aspects for the disease and behavior of using temephos-coated sand for dengue vector control among household residents in Nakhon Ratchasima province. A multistage stratified sampling process resulted in a sample of 488 household residents. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the household residents had sufficient knowledge about dengue fever and the use of temephos-coated sand (47.1%) and had a level of appropriate behavior in using temephos-coated sand to control mosquito larvae (66.8%). While the residents had the highest expectations of self-efficacy in their ability to prevent dengue fever (69.7%). In addition, it was found that preventative control behavior with temephos-coated sand was significantly correlated with perceived vulnerability (AOR = 2.45; 95%CI: 1.47-4.10; P-value <0.01), perceived severity (AOR = 7.32; 95%CI: 3.90-13.74; P-value <0.01), perceived response efficacy (AOR = 2.16; 95%CI: 1.33-3.52; P-value <0.01), and perceived expectation of self-efficacy (AOR = 4.59; 95%CI: 2.76-7.65; P-value <0.01). This study indicates that protection motivation is an important factor in the behavior of using temephos-coated sand, motivational activities should be supported focusing on the awareness of the perceived severity that will affect the behavior of using temephos-coated sand for more effective of dengue vector control and prevention of dengue fever in the community.

Study of pose a risk behavior number of vaccinations and COVID-19 infection and prediction the number of COVID-19 infection of Communications department personnel in National Telecom Company

chayanis phuphuak — 2024-11-20

This research objective is to investigate the behavior of communications department personnel in National Telecom company such as infected with COVID 19, the symptoms and the severity of the infection. Currently infections with the COVID 19 virus which has spread again after the Songkran festival. They eat and drink together with family and friends who are traveling to visit relatives in other provinces or celebrate Songkran festival at various venues which a lot of people. This makes social distancing and protection less than before. After Songkran festival 2024 increasing the number of people infected with COVID 19. The tools of the research were a questionnaire created in Google Forms by dividing the questions into six sections. The results of the survey were 47.27% men and 52.73% women. The survey showed that almost all of them had vaccination just only one person not vaccinated. The most of them have been infected with COVID 19 namely 70.00% but 30.00% never. The duration had been infected about 3 to 5 days and symptoms similar a cold. The target group 85.46% are people who quite frequently to contact people. Most of them prevent infection by wearing protective masks, wash hands with alcohol gel and travel by private car. The forecast number of people who will become infected with COVID 19 in the future was determined with the MS Excel forecast function using the past year infection statistics resulting in prediction an increasing number of inflected in the next year are 53.80%, 16.60% and 15.70% respectively.

Prevalence of the microalbumininuria in Diabetes mellitus, Nopparat Rajathanee hospital, Bangkok

Saowanee Suwannasin — 2024-11-20

Microalbuminuria serves as an early indicator of incipient nephropathy (kidney disease) in patients with diabetes mellitus. This research study aims to investigate the prevalence of microalbuminuria among diabetic patients receiving treatment at Nopparat Rajathanee Hospital. This study was a cross-sectional study. Quantitative data were collected and analyzed statistically. The study population comprised individuals attending the hospital's diabetes clinic from January 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023. The sample group consisted of 257 cases.

The study results indicated that the prevalence of microalbuminuria was 45.52%, with males and females representing 23.34% and 22.17%, respectively. Additionally, macroalbuminuria was observed in 21.40% of the cases, while normoalbuminuria was present in 33.07%. Significant differences were found in the levels of creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, glucose, and eGFR when comparing groups with HbA1c < 6.50% and HbA1c ≥ 6.50% (p < 0.05). The findings suggest that the study sample had a high likelihood of encountering HbA1c ≥ 6.50%, indicating poor blood sugar control and an increased risk of early kidney complications.

The prevalence of microalbuminuria among diabetic patients at Nopparat Rajathani Hospital is notably high. Consequently, it is imperative to increase awareness and implement routine screening for this condition to mitigate the risk of developing kidney disease.

Development of Tuberculosis Care Model in Community, Phra Thong Kham District Nakhon Ratchasima Province

Piyaporn Monchartree — 2024-11-20

This research aims to study the situation of tuberculosis patient care in the community, to examine the care models for tuberculosis patients in the community, and to investigate the outcomes of developing these care models in Phra Thong Kham District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province. This study is an action research project carried out from October 1, 2021, to March 31, 2024. It is conducted in three phases. The sample group includes 30 new and relapsed pulmonary tuberculosis patients registered in the NTIP database from October 1, 2021, to December 31, 2023, in Phra Thong Kham District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province. It also includes 30 individuals responsible for tuberculosis care, such as professional nurses, public health academics, or public health personnel, as well as multidisciplinary team members who care for tuberculosis patients and associated personnel from Phra Thong Kham Hospital Chalerm Phrakiat 80th Anniversary and its network, totaling 60 participants selected through purposive sampling. Data collection tools include: 1) structured interview forms to study the tuberculosis patient care situation in Phra Thong Kham District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, analyzed through content analysis by examining similarities in spoken words, gestures, and attitudes of the interviewees during the interviews, organizing the data by interpretation and analyzing the relationships to draw conclusions; and 2) a tuberculosis patient questionnaire analyzed using descriptive statistics to present the data, with general information analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The study compares the knowledge and self-care behaviors before and after the development of the care model using a paired t-test. The research found that the developed tuberculosis care model includes training on tuberculosis knowledge and self-care behaviors, as well as home visits for monitoring. There was a statistically significant increase at the 0.01 level in the patients' knowledge and self-care behaviors before and after the implementation. The treatment success rate for tuberculosis patients in the community of Phra Thong Kham District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, was 86.67%.

Evaluate system readiness Mechanisms for prevention and control of diseases and health threats in municipal areas, health zone 3

Sarawut Phochanasombat — 2024-11-20

The study design used a mixed methods method. has an educational objective to assess the readiness of systems, mechanisms, and management for prevention and control of disease and health hazards in the municipality area, Health Zone 3, and to prepare policy proposals and guidelines for disease prevention and control operations in the municipality area, Health Zone 3 area. Targets include the municipal area, Health District 3, collecting data between January - September 2023, analyzing data and statistics used in research, analyzing quantitative data. Data were analyzed as numbers, percentages, and qualitative data. Content analysis

The results of the evaluation of the readiness of the system, mechanisms for managing the prevention and control of diseases and health hazards in the municipal area, Health Zone 3, found that the readiness of the system, mechanisms for managing the prevention and control of diseases and health hazards. It is at a moderate level (𝑥̅= 3.54, SD = 0.50). There is complete management of disease and health hazard prevention and control in the area in all 6 areas.

From the study, there are recommendations as follows: 1) Personnel should be supported to the municipality in terms of numbers and knowledge and skills to support better prevention and control of disease and health hazards in the municipal area. 2) Public health agencies. The health information system should be supported in linking health information between the municipality and private service units in the area. 3) There should be development to raise the quality of management and preparation for prevention and control of disease and health hazards to greatly increase capacity. climb Focusing specifically on Components of health workforce in disease prevention and control Knowledge media/medical technology in disease prevention and control and information systems for prevention and control of disease and health hazards

Developing a model for providing knowledge and building skills for self-care of diabetes and hypertension using online media

Hathaichanok Ketjuna — 2024-11-20

This descriptive research aims to develop a model for providing knowledge and building self-care skills for new patients with diabetes and hypertension using online media. The target group includes new diabetic and hypertensive patients, their caregivers, medical personnel, and interested members of the public. The goal is to offer patients a self-study knowledge platform and a reliable information source while providing medical facilities with online tools to deliver services in the new normal era, thereby alleviating the burden on medical teams. Nurses in chronic disease clinics aim to counsel patients effectively, fostering proper understanding and behavior management, ultimately leading to an improved quality of life for patients.

Through a review of academic knowledge and related media content from both government and private agencies, seven key topics have been summarized and compiled as essential content for producing VDO Clip for diabetic and hypertensive patients. The video content, titled 'Providing Knowledge and Developing Self-Care Skills for Diabetes and Hypertension,' includes the following topics: 1. Choosing Foods to Conquer Diabetes and Hypertension 2. Safe Exercise for Diabetic and Hypertensive Patients 3. Tips to Relieve Stress and Clear Worries 4. Understanding Diabetes Medications 5. Grasping Blood Pressure Medications in 5 Minutes 6. Knowing Your Risk, Self-Assessment, and Avoiding Complications 7. Emergency Minutes: How to Handle Diabetes and Hypertension. These topics are published through online channels, including the website, YouTube channel, and Facebook page of the Non-Communicable Disease Division, Department of Disease Control. A total of 953 respondents participated in the assessment, with the majority being female (89.51%). Most respondents were medical personnel working in chronic disease clinics (82.06%), and all were patients with diabetes or hypertension (11.86%). Overall satisfaction with the media usage was high, with 92.24% of respondents expressing satisfaction, particularly medical personnel and patients with diabetes/hypertension, who reported satisfaction levels of 91.57% and 95.32%, respectively. Analysis of the content, presentation, and usability indicated a high level of satisfaction, suggesting suitability for patient use and public benefit. The development of VDO Clip provides valuable knowledge to diabetic patients, hypertensive patients, caregivers, and public health personnel, allowing them to learn independently, anytime and anywhere. Public health personnel can also use these videos as a learning tool for patients. Although the development aligns with the objectives, there are still some operational and developmental limitations. Further improvements are needed, including refining search keywords for better clarity, expanding access channels to the video media, and enhancing continuous public relations efforts. Additionally, there should be further development of video content specifically targeting diabetic patients and those with poorly controlled hypertension.

An Evaluation of Financial Management in Public Health Emergencies: A Case Study of COVID-19 Pandemic Management by the Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health

Nannaphat Wongphira — 2024-11-20

This study aims to evaluate the financial management of the Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The evaluation focuses on the factors contributing to success, challenges faced, and obstacles encountered, along with providing recommendations for improving the management model and designing financial strategies for emergency situations. These recommendations are intended to enhance the Department's preparedness and response to future public health emergencies. The study employs a mixed-method research approach within the framework of the CIPP Model. The sample includes individuals involved in the financial management of the Department of Disease Control during the COVID-19 pandemic, from the initial outbreak in 2563 until its designation as an endemic disease in 2565. Data were gathered through questionnaires and interviews. The analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, and qualitative content analysis.

The study found that overall assessment across all areas was rated at a high level. Among the specific areas evaluated, the outcomes dimension had the highest average score of 3.98, while the process dimension had the lowest average score of 3.78.

Key factors contributing to the success of budget management include clear and prompt directives from leadership, responsive to the evolving situation, and the adaptation of regulations and procedures, which enhanced operational flexibility. Challenges encountered included the persistence of standard bureaucratic budget management processes, even during an emergency, where complex procedures and documentation added burdens to the verification process. Additionally, the staff's lack of experience and concerns regarding newly established rules and guidelines, combined with the existing information systems' inadequacy for emergency budget management, hindered policy decisions by the management. Recommendations for improvement include using past limitations as a basis to streamline procedures and regulations to enhance operational flexibility. Specific financial regulations for public health emergencies should be established, and sufficient budget reserves should be prepared to respond to future public health emergencies, covering at least one month. Furthermore, there should be ongoing development of financial personnel's capabilities to handle emergency operations, with clear staffing frameworks and personnel rotation plans that can be promptly adjusted to meet situational demands under the framework of the Communicable Diseases Act of 2558, and develop an information system to support budget tracking from all sources and with real-time data for policy decisions by the management.

Evaluation of the Project to Develop Personal in Terms of Prevention and Control of Emerging Diseases and Urban Medicine in Onsite and Online Formats

Jarunee Rabaisri — 2024-11-20

This study is evaluation research that will be collected by the quantitative data method. The purpose was to evaluate the Project to Develop personnel in terms of Prevention and Control of Emerging diseases and urban medicine in onsite and online formats. Amount 100 trainees. Accidental sampling was used to select the sample size by applying the evaluation method according to Kirkpatrick's model, and questionnaires were used as tools to collect data. Data were collected online through Google Forms, then descriptive statistics were used for this data set.

The research results found that 100.00% of trainees had a desire to attend this training program to apply their work, and they also had high expectations for this program (98.60%). In evaluating reactions to the program, most of them agree with having knowledge and understanding how to do the prevention and control of emerging diseases and urban medicine. Also having skills and accumulated expertise on that able to work as a leader who can operate a team. In addition, this program encourages them to propose policy proposals in their own areas of prevention and control of emerging diseases and urban medicine. The results of program management found that training content in each topic was complete as specified by the curriculum. There was an appropriate sequence of content and usefulness. However, the next cohort of this program should be full on-site training because it's more knowledge and experience sharing than online programs. Also, the evaluation should be conducted during class and immediately after finished the training program, and after that should be followed up over 6 months.

Survey of health status of migrant workers in Bangkok

Kaewjai Mathong — 2024-11-20

The purpose of this study was to examine the health status of migrant workers in the Bangkok. The sample was 1,458 migrants who live in various communities and work in establishments and markets from five districts in Bangkok compose with Bang Khen, Khlong Sam Wa, Phaya Thai, Khlong Toei, and Chom Thong. The data collection instrument in this study was an interview form which encompassed personal and health-related information. The data analysis employed descriptive statistics, involving the determination of frequency and percentage values.

The results from personal data survey among migrant workers was found that almost 64.00% of gender was male, 82.60% of those was age between 21-40 year and about 75.00% was Myanmar and 61.10% completed primary education. The 88.00% of most primary occupation was daily wage labor. Around 61.70% of migrant workers live in Thailand for 1-5 years and 44.00% of those could speak and understand Thai language. It was found that 83.00% of accommodation was rental apartment or house and shared with another person. The meeting places for these migrant workers were flea markets and temples for 20.90% and 20.40%, respectively.

The information regarding healthcare right and health behavior among migrant workers was found that 56.00% lack of healthcare rights. In case of illness, they visited clinics or purchased medication on their own. The second dose of COVID-19 vaccination history was 45.30% and 95.00% had no chronic diseases. Among those with chronic diseases of high blood pressure and diabetes were 27.00% and 23.00%, respectively. Less than 1 day per week of exercise activity was observed in 75.00%. Smoking and alcohol consumption indicated that did not smoke and did not drink alcohol, or drank very occasionally with 86.00% and 83.00%, respectively.

The analysis results from this survey was found that the majority of migrant workers who work in Bangkok engage in general daily wage occupation, Cost of living was included rent, expenses for purchasing health insurance or social security cards. The most of workers are in their working age. They have never undergone health check-ups. They believe that they do not have any health issues and then do not see the importance of health monitoring and disease prevention. The lack of access to health welfare, including both social security and basic health insurance system, leads to significant challenge for most migrant workers in accessing proper health care. Although the policy and grant effort of health right for migrant workers in Thailand is occurred, there is still gaps that prevent them from fully entering the designed healthcare system as intended. Advocating through the media or creating appropriate channels through volunteer leaders from the same nationality can build trust and enable effective communication of beneficial information to migrant workers. This is crucial for developing suitable models and maximizing the benefits in terms of disease surveillance and prevention at both the local and national levels.

Child Death of Children under 15 years old from Drowning: Professional nurse's role

Mila Issarasongkhram — 2024-11-20

Drowning remains a major global problem. Although 85 percent of the drowning cause is a preventable problem, it is still the number one cause of death for Thai children. This article analyzes a case study of death from drowning in children under 15 years of age in Thailand between 2022-2023. It was found that the weak points found in all 4 case studies were the protection and care system that left the children playing alone. There were no adults to take care of them. Other weaknesses were also found, for example, conditions at the scene of the incident were at risk and had a high chance of recurrence, there is no warning at the dangerous areas, and children's water playing behaviour is at risk of accidents. Due to learning the causes and prevention guidelines to provide advance advice to relevant persons such as parents, guardians, and child caretakers, including campaigns to make society aware of the importance, and cooperation to prevent children from experiencing physical, mental problems, or any loss of being harmed by accidents from drowning, nurses play an important role in preventing and reducing accidents in children including care and restoring children's health to allow children to grow appropriately for their age and develop their full potential.

The impact of Infectious Control Nurse in the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak situation

Bang-ern Pumipak — 2024-11-20

The purpose of this study was to impact on infection control nurses. In the situation of the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 in Bangkok Metropolis. A descriptive research model was used. The sample group were infectious control nurses in Bangkok Metropolis. Duties and responsibilities are infectious disease control and providing services to patients, screening or caring for people infected with the coronavirus disease 2019 during the outbreak, totaling 49 cases. The results of this study found that the situation of coronavirus disease 2019 has affected us both physically. and the mind at a high level, Whether it's relaxation, feeling tired from work adaptation in outbreak situations. There is fear of infection from Coronavirus Disease 2019 and its impact on the workplace. It is at a moderate to high level. This is because in some cases the increased activities come from normal conditions, providing nursing care for patients infected with COVID-19 and wearing various protective equipment. Impact on the economy, it was found to be at a moderate level. Due to the burden of expenses for monitoring and preventing their own disease. and more family members. As for the impact on the family, it is at a low level. The family has an understanding of roles and responsibilities. For behavior to prevent infection there are still some areas of self-defense that are not covered. This may be caused by limitations in the amount of protective equipment due to the epidemic of disease occurring throughout the country. Production capacity at that time may not keep up with demand or it may be due to operators not being aware of the importance of protecting themselves. Therefore, receiving care about safety at work, support equipment to prevent infection and taking care when affected by the performance of duties is important. In addition, it increases morale during a crisis by strengthening work motivation. It will help support operations to be efficient. Building morale for workers can take many forms, and executives should consider them as appropriate.

Health Literacy in Safe Motorcycle Riding and On-road Riding Behaviour in Lak Si District, Bangkok

Nuttawut Daengsawat — 2024-11-20

This study is an exploratory research that aims to assess health literacy related to safe motorcycle riding and its influence on road safety behaviors. The research involved 195 vocational students from a college in Laksi District, Bangkok, during the 2021 academic year. Participants were selected through simple random sampling by drawing lots. Data were collected using a validated health literacy assessment tool specifically designed for safe motorcycle riding. The data collection period spanned from July 1 to August 31, 2021. Descriptive statistics were utilized to summarize demographic data, while Chi-square tests were conducted to evaluate the association between personal factors and safe motorcycle riding behaviors. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was employed to examine the relationship between health literacy and road safety behaviors. The results revealed that the overall level of health literacy concerning safe motorcycle riding among students was inadequate, with 34.40% of participants demonstrating low levels of literacy. When breaking down health literacy into its five components, it was observed that the skills of accessing information, inquiry, and practical application were particularly deficient, with 35.90%, 42.60%, and 36.40% of students scoring poorly in these areas, respectively. Conversely, the skill of understanding was relatively strong, with 35.90% of students performing at a high level. Notably, the study found no statistically significant correlation between health literacy and safe motorcycle riding behaviors, with significance tested at the 0.05 level. These findings suggest that improving health literacy alone may not suffice to alter motorcycle riding behaviors among students. Effective communication strategies tailored to resonate with students, while considering individual differences and the broader familial, social, and cultural contexts, are crucial. These factors should inform the development of targeted content and interventions aimed at promoting safer motorcycle riding practices.