ปัจจัยทำนายการถูกกลั่นแกล้ง ของเยาวชนที่มีความหลากหลายทางเพศในเขตกรุงเทพมหานคร

Wasuporn Phansai; Naruemon Auemaneekul; Arpaporn Powwattana; Rapeepun Jommaroeng

Authors

Wasuporn Phansai Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University
Naruemon Auemaneekul Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University
Arpaporn Powwattana Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University
Rapeepun Jommaroeng Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University

Keywords:

bullying, LGBT youth, gender identity within the family, parenting style, gender identity disclosure to society

Abstract

Introduction: Lesbian Gay Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) youth had experience higher rates of bulling. However, factors related to bullying among this group remain unclear.

Research objectives: To study the predictive factors of being bullied among young lesbian gay bisexual transgender (LGBT) in Bangkok, Thailand.

Research methodology: This research study was a cross-sectional descriptive correlational predictive study. The sample consisted of 488 LGBTs aged 18 to 25 years old who resided in Bangkok metropolis. The sample was selected by using snowball sampling technique. The instruments in the study were self-administered questionnaires. Data were collected in 12 weeks and were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Odd ratio, and Binary Logistic Regression Analysis.

Results: Based on the findings, the participants reported experiencing bullying 79.30%, and Most participants reported that they had engaged in sexual bullying (67.80%). The factors correlated to bully victims with statistical significance (p < .05) as risk factors included the acceptance of gender diversity within the family (OR = 4.05) and Less attentive parenting (OR = 2.08), protective factors included permissive parenting style (OR = .48) and gender stigma (OR = .58), The results as non-acceptance of gender identity within the family (Exp(b) = 4.049), indulgent parenting (Exp(b) = .539), high levels of gender identity disclosure to society (Exp(b) = 1.704) can predict among bullying youth LGBT (Nagelkerke R²= 10.8).

Conclusions: The results as non-acceptance of gender identity within the family, indulgent parenting, and high levels of gender identity disclosure to society can predict among bullying youth LGBT.

Implications: The study can be a part of supporting policies and developing programs to prevent LGBT youth from bullying. The focus is on fostering, understanding, and accepting gender diversity within families, promoting appropriate parenting styles, and encouraging social acceptance in gender differences.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Kosciw JG, Clark CM, Truong NL, Zongrone AD. The 2019 national school climate survey: the experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer youth in our nation's schools GLSEN [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2023 Dec. 15]. Available from: https://www.glsen.org/sites/default/files/2020-10/NSCS-2019-Full-Report_0.pdf

Thai Health Promotion Foundation. Thai youth survey by kid for kids: awareness, values, and attitudes of youth aged 15-25 in 5 dimensions 2022 [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Dec. 15]. Available from: https://kidforkids.org/youth-survey-2022/ (in Thai)

Faculty Of Social Sciences and Humanities, Thailand PI. Bullying against students who are or perceived to be transgender or same-sex attracted in secondary schools: forms, prevalence, impacts, motivations, and prevention measures in five provinces of Thailand [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2023 Dec. 15]. Available from: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000227518 (in Thai)

Olweus D, Limber SP. The olweus bullying prevention program: implementation and evaluation over two decades. In: Jimerson SR, Swearer SM, Espelage DL, editors. Handbook of bullying in schools: an international perspective. New York: Routledge; 2010. p. 377–401.

Esteban Mora J, Morales Rodríguez FM, Martínez Ramón JP. Attitudes toward transsexuality, empathy, and bullying in young population. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2024 Jan. 5];2022;19(7):3849. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073849

Swearer S, Peugh J, Espelage D, Siebecker AB, Kingsbury WL, Bevins KS. A social-ecological model for bullying prevention and intervention in early adolescence. Handbook of school violence and school safety; 2006.

Kirklewski SJ, Watson RJ, Lauckner C. The moderating effect of physical activity on the relationship between bullying and mental health among sexual and gender minority youth. Journal of Sport and Health Science [Internet]. 2023. [cited 2024 Jan. 5];12(1):106-15. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2020.11.013

Sares-Jaske L, Czimbalmos M, Majlander S, Siukola R, Klemetti R, Luopa P, et al. Gendered differences in experiences of bullying and mental health among transgender and cisgender youth. Journal of Youth and Adolescence [Internet]. 2023. [cited 2024 Jan. 5];52(8):1531-48. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37199852/

Peng Z, Li L,Su X, Lu Y. A pilot intervention study on bullying prevention among junior high school students in Shantou, China. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2022. [cited 2024 Jan. 5];22(1):262. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35139844/

Sabramani V, Idris IB,Ismail H, Nadarajaw T, Zakaria E, Kamaluddin MR. Bullying and its associated individual, peer, family and school factors: evidence from Malaysian national secondary school students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health [Internet]. 2021. [cited 2024 Jan. 5];18(13):7208. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34281145

Whitfield DL, Coulter RWS, Langenderfer-Magruder L, Jacobson D. Experiences of intimate partner violence among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender college students: the intersection of gender, race, and sexual orientation. Journal Interpers Violence [Internet]. 2021. [cited 2024 Jan. 5];36(11-12): Np6040-64. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30453802/

Gower AL, Rider GN, McMorris BJ, Eisenberg ME. Bullying victimization among LGBTQ youth: current and future directions. Current Sexual Health Report [Internet]. 2018 Aug. 30 [cited 2024 Jan. 5];10(4):246-54. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6497454/

Daniel WW. Biostatistics: a foundation for analysis in the health sciences. 6th ed. New York: JohnWiley & Sons; 1995.

Seeya A, Auemaneekul N, Sujirarat D, Powwattana A, Satitvipawee P, Keawpan W. A structural equation model of factors influencing intimate partner violence victimization and health outcomes among men who have sex with men in Bangkok [master’s thesis]. Bangkok: Mahidol University; 2017.

D'Augelli AR, Grossman AH, Salter NP, Vasey JJ, Starks MT, Sinclair KO. Predicting the suicide attempts of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth. Suicide And Life-Threatening Behavior [Internet]. 2005. [cited 2024 Jan. 5];35(6):646-60. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16552980/

Barr SM, Budge SL, Adelson JL. Transgender community belongingness as a mediator between strength of transgender identity and well-being. Journal of Counseling Psychology [Internet]. 2016. [cited 2024 Jan. 5];63(1):87-97. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26751157/