พฤติกรรมการติดอินเทอร์เน็ตกับภาวะซึมเศร้า : เหตุปัจจัยและแนวทางการป้องกันแก้ไข
คำสำคัญ:
การติดอินเทอร์เน็ต, ภาวะซึมเศร้า, เหตุปัจจัย, การป้องกันบทคัดย่อ
พฤติกรรมการติดอินเทอร์เน็ต เกิดจากปัจจัยต่าง ๆ ได้แก่ ปัจจัยด้านชีวภาพ ปัจจัยด้านจิตใจ และปจจัยด้านสังคม ผู้ติดอินเทอร์เน็ตมักมีมุมมองความคิดต่อตนเองในแง่ลบ ส่งผลถึงความรู้สึกเห็นคุณค่าในตนเองต่ำ และส่งผลกระทบต่อความผิดปกติทางด้านร่างกาย อารมณ์ สมาธิ และพฤติกรรม ผลกระทบทั้งทางตรงและทางอ้อมต่อระดับความซึมเศร้า ความวิตกกังวล และความเครียด ซึ่งปัญหาเหล่านี้นอกจากจะส่งผลกระทบโดยตรงต่อตัวผู้ใช้แล้ว ยังส่งผลกระทบถึงครอบครัว และสังคม การหามาตรการในการดูแลช่วยเหลือผู้ที่ติดอินเทอร์เน็ต หรือป้องกันการติดอินเทอร์เน็ตจะช่วยป้องกันอาการซึมเศร้าที่จะเกิดขึ้นได้ สำหรับแนวทางการป้องกันแก้ไขพฤติกรรมการติดอินเทอร์เน็ตที่ส่งผลต่อภาวะซึมเศร้า ประกอบด้วย (1) การรักษาโดยการใช้ยา (2) การรักษาโดยไม่ใช้ยา เช่น การปรับพฤติกรรมทางปัญญา การสัมภาษณ์เพื่อสร้างแรงจูงใจ การให้คำปรึกษากลุ่ม และ (3) การผสมผสานการบำบัดหลายวิธีเข้าด้วยกัน เพราะการติดอินเทอร์เน็ตมีสาเหตุจากปัจจัยหลากหลาย เช่น ตัวผู้ใช้อินเทอร์เน็ต การเลี้ยงดู สังคมและสิ่งแวดล้อม ดังนั้น เริ่มแรกจึงต้องมีการประเมินผู้รับบริการในทุก ๆ ด้าน เพื่อให้เกิดความเข้าใจในตัวผู้รับบริการและนำไปสู่การวางแผนการรักษาเป็นรายบุคคลต่อไป
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References
1. Davis RA. A cognitive-behavioral model of pathological Internet use. Comput Hum Behav 2001;17(2):187-95.
2. Young KS. Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. Paper presented at the 104th annual meeting of the American Psychological Association; 1996 August 15; Toronto, Canada.
3. Angres DH, Bettinardi-Angres K. The disease of addiction: origins, treatment, and recovery. Dis Mon 2008;54(10):696–721.
4. Salicetia F. Internet addiction disorder (IAD). Procedia Soc Behav Sci 2015;191:1372-6.
5. Yellowlees PM, Marks S. Problematic Internet use or Internet addiction?. Comput Human Behav 2007;23(3):1447-53.
6. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Virginia: American Psychiatric; 2013.
7. Wongkeawpotong A. 2553. Social Media: tool for the business management performance. Executive J 2010;30(4):63-9. (in Thai).
8. Park MH, Park EJ, Choi J, Chai S, Lee JH, Lee C, et al. Preliminary study of Internet addiction and cognitive function in adolescents based on IQ tests. Psychiatry Res 2011;190(2-3):275-81.
9. Kim SH, Baik SH, Park CS, Kim SJ, Choi SW, Kim SE. Reduced striatal dopamine D2 receptors in people with Internet addiction. Neuroreport 2011;22(8):407-11.
10. Ko CH, Yen JY, Liu SC, Huang CF, Yen CF. The associations between aggressive behaviors and Internet addiction and online activities in adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2009;44(6):598-605.
11. Lai CM, Mak KK, Watanabe H, Jeong J, Kim D, Bahar N, et al. The mediating role of Internet addiction in depression, social anxiety, and psychosocial well-being among adolescents in six Asian countries: a structural equation modelling approach. Public Health 2015;129(9):1224-36.
12. Dalbudak E, Evren C, Aldemir S, Coskun KS, Ugurlu H, Yildirim FG. Relationship of internet addiction severity with depression, anxiety, and alexithymia, temperament and character in university students. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2013;16(4):272-8.
13. Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown, GK. BDI-II. Beck depression inventory: Manual. 2nd ed. San Antonio (TX): Psychologic; 1996.
14. National Institute of Mental, Health Information Resource Center. Depression: Overview [Internet].2018 [cited 2019 Aug 20]. Available from: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/depression/index.shtml
15. Kamkliang K. 2563. Will be depressed: recognize depression and cope with understanding. Bangkok: Nation Books; 2020. (in Thai).
16. Lin F, Zhou Y, Du Y, Qin L, Zhao Z, Xu J, et al. Abnormal white matter integrity in adolescents with internet addiction disorder: a tract-based spatial statistics study. PloS one 2012;7(1):e30253.
17. Han DH, Bolo N, Daniels MA, Arenella L, Lyoo IK, Renshaw PF. Brain activity and desire for Internet video game play. Compr Psychiatry 2011;52(1):88-95.
18. Yin G, Liu J. Psychometric analysis on neurotransmitter deficiency of internet addicted urban left-behind children. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015;3:1-6.
19. Hofmann SG. Clinical psychology: a global perspective. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley; 2018.
20. Niemz K, Griffiths M, Banyard P. Prevalence of pathological Internet use among university students and correlations with self-esteem, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and disinhibition. Cyberpsychol Behav 2005;8(6):562-70.
21. Xiuqin H, Huimin Z, Mengchen L, Jinan W, Ying Z, Ran T. Mental health, personality, and parental rearing styles of adolescents with Internet addiction disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2010;13(4):401-6.
22. Lewis B, Porter L. In-game advertising effects: Examining player perceptions of advertising schema congruity in a massively multiplayer online role-playing game. J Interact Advert 2010;10(2):46-60.
23. Li W, O’Brien JE, Snyder SM, Howard MO. Characteristics of internet addiction/pathological internet use in US university students: a qualitative-method investigation. PloS one 2015;10(2):e0117372.
24. Phonnopphadon C, Hongsanguansi S, Tantasuti B, Kiatrungrit K, Sinrattanan A, Phawasutthiphaisi C. Naeo Thawedr4t5ngkan Bambat Raksa Phawa Tit Inthoenet Lae Kem [Internet]. Bangkok: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and National Health Commission; 2016 [cited 2019 Aug 20]. Available from: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B5L_N4G_4NHRLURQT3pnN0hWVlk/view. (in Thai).
25. Yen JY, Yen CF, Chen CC, Chen SH, Ko CH. Family factors of internet addiction and substance use experience in Taiwanese adolescents. Cyberpsychol Behav 2007 Jun 26;10(3):323-9.
26. Kuss DJ, Lopez-Fernandez O. Internet addiction and problematic Internet use: A systematic review of clinical research. World J Psychiatry 2016;6(1):143-76.
27. Daengkhrueang S, Wanruemon T. Relationships between behavior of Internet addiction with loneliness and social skills of teenagers : a case study of Mathayom Suksa students in the Upper Northern Region. Journal of Mass Communication 2014;2(1):100-11. (in Thai).
28. Kiatrungrit K, Theprak K, Ho P, Sawatdisutha P. Interesting Topic: Internet Gaming Disorder. [Internet]. Bangkok: Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital; 2014 [cited 2019 Jun 19]. Available from: https://med.mahidol.ac.th/ramamental/sites/ default/files/public/pdf/Internet%20gaming%20addiction.pdf. (in Thai).
29. Lee YS, Han DH, Yang KC, Daniels MA, Na C, Kee, BS, et al. Depression like characteristics of 5HTTLPR polymorphism and temperament in excessive internet users. J Affect Disord 2008;109(1-2):165-9.
30. Montag C, Kirsch P, Sauer C, Markett S, Reuter M. The role of the CHRNA4 gene in Internet addiction: a case-control study. J Addict Med 2012;6(3):191-5.
31. Hoeft F, Watson CL, Kesler SR, Bettinger KE, Reiss AL. Gender differences in the mesocorticolimbic system during computer game-play. J Psychiatr Res 2008;42(4):253-8.
32. Wama P, Ciatsakun U. The Influence of Game Addiction and Internet Addiction among University Students on Depression Stress and Anxiety Mediated by Self-regulation and Social Support. Journal of Business Administration The Association of Private 2017;5(2):45-57.
33. Wu XS, Zhang ZH, Zhao F, Wang WJ, Li YF, Bi L, et al. Prevalence of internet addiction and its association with social support and other related factors among adolescents in China. J Adolesc 2016;52:103-11.
34. Weinstein A, Dorani D, Elhadif R, Bukovza Y, Yarmulnik A, Dannon P. Internet addiction is associated with social anxiety in young adults. Ann Clin Psychiatry 2015;27(1):2-7.
35. Beard KW. Internet addiction: A review of current assessment techniques and potential assessment questions. Cyberpsychol Behav 2005;8(1):7-14.
36. Young KS. Clinical assessment of Internet-addicted clients. In: Young KS, Nabuco de Abreu C, editors. Internet addiction: A handbook and guide for evaluation and treatment. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons; 2010. p. 19-34.
37. Young KS. Cognitive behavior therapy with internet addicts: treatment outcomes and implications. Cyberpsychol Behav 2007;10(5):671-9.
38. Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC. Stages and processes of self-change of smoking: toward an integrative model of change. J Consult Clin Psychol 1983;51(3):390-5.
39. Rollnick S, Miller WR, Butler C. Motivational interviewing in health care: Helping patients change behavior. Guilford Press; 2007.
40. Yalom ID, Molyn L. The theory and practice of group psychotherapy. 5th ed. New York: Basic Books; 2005.
41. Orzack MH, Voluse AC, Wolf D, Hennen J. An ongoing study of group treatment for men involved in problematic Internet-enabled sexual behavior. Cyberpsychol Behav 2006;9(3):348-60.
42. Thungkaeo P, Chaiwimon R, Sicannin P. The theoretical integrative group counselling for internet addiction among upper secondary school students. Rommayasan 2018;16(2):329-47. (in Thai)
43. Hofstra JM, Branten AJ, Wirtz JJ, Noordzij TC, du Buf-Vereijken PW, Wetzels JF. Early versus late start of immunosuppressive therapy in idiopathic membranous nephropathy: a randomized controlled trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010;25(1):129-36.
2. Young KS. Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. Paper presented at the 104th annual meeting of the American Psychological Association; 1996 August 15; Toronto, Canada.
3. Angres DH, Bettinardi-Angres K. The disease of addiction: origins, treatment, and recovery. Dis Mon 2008;54(10):696–721.
4. Salicetia F. Internet addiction disorder (IAD). Procedia Soc Behav Sci 2015;191:1372-6.
5. Yellowlees PM, Marks S. Problematic Internet use or Internet addiction?. Comput Human Behav 2007;23(3):1447-53.
6. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Virginia: American Psychiatric; 2013.
7. Wongkeawpotong A. 2553. Social Media: tool for the business management performance. Executive J 2010;30(4):63-9. (in Thai).
8. Park MH, Park EJ, Choi J, Chai S, Lee JH, Lee C, et al. Preliminary study of Internet addiction and cognitive function in adolescents based on IQ tests. Psychiatry Res 2011;190(2-3):275-81.
9. Kim SH, Baik SH, Park CS, Kim SJ, Choi SW, Kim SE. Reduced striatal dopamine D2 receptors in people with Internet addiction. Neuroreport 2011;22(8):407-11.
10. Ko CH, Yen JY, Liu SC, Huang CF, Yen CF. The associations between aggressive behaviors and Internet addiction and online activities in adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2009;44(6):598-605.
11. Lai CM, Mak KK, Watanabe H, Jeong J, Kim D, Bahar N, et al. The mediating role of Internet addiction in depression, social anxiety, and psychosocial well-being among adolescents in six Asian countries: a structural equation modelling approach. Public Health 2015;129(9):1224-36.
12. Dalbudak E, Evren C, Aldemir S, Coskun KS, Ugurlu H, Yildirim FG. Relationship of internet addiction severity with depression, anxiety, and alexithymia, temperament and character in university students. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2013;16(4):272-8.
13. Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown, GK. BDI-II. Beck depression inventory: Manual. 2nd ed. San Antonio (TX): Psychologic; 1996.
14. National Institute of Mental, Health Information Resource Center. Depression: Overview [Internet].2018 [cited 2019 Aug 20]. Available from: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/depression/index.shtml
15. Kamkliang K. 2563. Will be depressed: recognize depression and cope with understanding. Bangkok: Nation Books; 2020. (in Thai).
16. Lin F, Zhou Y, Du Y, Qin L, Zhao Z, Xu J, et al. Abnormal white matter integrity in adolescents with internet addiction disorder: a tract-based spatial statistics study. PloS one 2012;7(1):e30253.
17. Han DH, Bolo N, Daniels MA, Arenella L, Lyoo IK, Renshaw PF. Brain activity and desire for Internet video game play. Compr Psychiatry 2011;52(1):88-95.
18. Yin G, Liu J. Psychometric analysis on neurotransmitter deficiency of internet addicted urban left-behind children. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015;3:1-6.
19. Hofmann SG. Clinical psychology: a global perspective. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley; 2018.
20. Niemz K, Griffiths M, Banyard P. Prevalence of pathological Internet use among university students and correlations with self-esteem, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and disinhibition. Cyberpsychol Behav 2005;8(6):562-70.
21. Xiuqin H, Huimin Z, Mengchen L, Jinan W, Ying Z, Ran T. Mental health, personality, and parental rearing styles of adolescents with Internet addiction disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2010;13(4):401-6.
22. Lewis B, Porter L. In-game advertising effects: Examining player perceptions of advertising schema congruity in a massively multiplayer online role-playing game. J Interact Advert 2010;10(2):46-60.
23. Li W, O’Brien JE, Snyder SM, Howard MO. Characteristics of internet addiction/pathological internet use in US university students: a qualitative-method investigation. PloS one 2015;10(2):e0117372.
24. Phonnopphadon C, Hongsanguansi S, Tantasuti B, Kiatrungrit K, Sinrattanan A, Phawasutthiphaisi C. Naeo Thawedr4t5ngkan Bambat Raksa Phawa Tit Inthoenet Lae Kem [Internet]. Bangkok: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and National Health Commission; 2016 [cited 2019 Aug 20]. Available from: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B5L_N4G_4NHRLURQT3pnN0hWVlk/view. (in Thai).
25. Yen JY, Yen CF, Chen CC, Chen SH, Ko CH. Family factors of internet addiction and substance use experience in Taiwanese adolescents. Cyberpsychol Behav 2007 Jun 26;10(3):323-9.
26. Kuss DJ, Lopez-Fernandez O. Internet addiction and problematic Internet use: A systematic review of clinical research. World J Psychiatry 2016;6(1):143-76.
27. Daengkhrueang S, Wanruemon T. Relationships between behavior of Internet addiction with loneliness and social skills of teenagers : a case study of Mathayom Suksa students in the Upper Northern Region. Journal of Mass Communication 2014;2(1):100-11. (in Thai).
28. Kiatrungrit K, Theprak K, Ho P, Sawatdisutha P. Interesting Topic: Internet Gaming Disorder. [Internet]. Bangkok: Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital; 2014 [cited 2019 Jun 19]. Available from: https://med.mahidol.ac.th/ramamental/sites/ default/files/public/pdf/Internet%20gaming%20addiction.pdf. (in Thai).
29. Lee YS, Han DH, Yang KC, Daniels MA, Na C, Kee, BS, et al. Depression like characteristics of 5HTTLPR polymorphism and temperament in excessive internet users. J Affect Disord 2008;109(1-2):165-9.
30. Montag C, Kirsch P, Sauer C, Markett S, Reuter M. The role of the CHRNA4 gene in Internet addiction: a case-control study. J Addict Med 2012;6(3):191-5.
31. Hoeft F, Watson CL, Kesler SR, Bettinger KE, Reiss AL. Gender differences in the mesocorticolimbic system during computer game-play. J Psychiatr Res 2008;42(4):253-8.
32. Wama P, Ciatsakun U. The Influence of Game Addiction and Internet Addiction among University Students on Depression Stress and Anxiety Mediated by Self-regulation and Social Support. Journal of Business Administration The Association of Private 2017;5(2):45-57.
33. Wu XS, Zhang ZH, Zhao F, Wang WJ, Li YF, Bi L, et al. Prevalence of internet addiction and its association with social support and other related factors among adolescents in China. J Adolesc 2016;52:103-11.
34. Weinstein A, Dorani D, Elhadif R, Bukovza Y, Yarmulnik A, Dannon P. Internet addiction is associated with social anxiety in young adults. Ann Clin Psychiatry 2015;27(1):2-7.
35. Beard KW. Internet addiction: A review of current assessment techniques and potential assessment questions. Cyberpsychol Behav 2005;8(1):7-14.
36. Young KS. Clinical assessment of Internet-addicted clients. In: Young KS, Nabuco de Abreu C, editors. Internet addiction: A handbook and guide for evaluation and treatment. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons; 2010. p. 19-34.
37. Young KS. Cognitive behavior therapy with internet addicts: treatment outcomes and implications. Cyberpsychol Behav 2007;10(5):671-9.
38. Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC. Stages and processes of self-change of smoking: toward an integrative model of change. J Consult Clin Psychol 1983;51(3):390-5.
39. Rollnick S, Miller WR, Butler C. Motivational interviewing in health care: Helping patients change behavior. Guilford Press; 2007.
40. Yalom ID, Molyn L. The theory and practice of group psychotherapy. 5th ed. New York: Basic Books; 2005.
41. Orzack MH, Voluse AC, Wolf D, Hennen J. An ongoing study of group treatment for men involved in problematic Internet-enabled sexual behavior. Cyberpsychol Behav 2006;9(3):348-60.
42. Thungkaeo P, Chaiwimon R, Sicannin P. The theoretical integrative group counselling for internet addiction among upper secondary school students. Rommayasan 2018;16(2):329-47. (in Thai)
43. Hofstra JM, Branten AJ, Wirtz JJ, Noordzij TC, du Buf-Vereijken PW, Wetzels JF. Early versus late start of immunosuppressive therapy in idiopathic membranous nephropathy: a randomized controlled trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010;25(1):129-36.
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2020-11-28
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