การดูแลเด็กโรคหัวใจพิการแต่กำเนิดเพื่อป้องกันการติดเชื้อทางเดินหายใจ
คำสำคัญ:
การป้องกัน, เด็กโรคหัวใจพิการแต่กำเนิด, ติดเชื้อทางเดินหายใจบทคัดย่อ
เด็กโรคหัวใจพิการแต่กำเนิดมักพบภาวะแทรกซ้อนได้บ่อยกว่าเด็กปกติทั่วไป โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งจากการติดเชื้อทางเดินหายใจ ซึ่งเป็นสาเหตุสำคัญที่ทำให้เด็กต้องเข้ารับการรักษาในโรงพยาบาล และเป็นสาเหตุหลักที่ทำให้มีอัตราการเสียชีวิตในประเทศที่กำลังพัฒนา ซึ่งพฤติกรรมการดูแลเด็กโรคหัวใจพิการแต่กำเนิดของผู้ดูแลจึงมีความสำคัญในการป้องกันการติดเชื้อทางเดินหายใจเพื่อไม่ให้เกิดภาวะแทรกซ้อนและเสียชีวิต ซึ่งบทความนี้มีเป้าหมายเพื่อนำเสนอแนวทางการดูแลเด็กโรคหัวใจพิการแต่กำเนิดเพื่อป้องกันการติดเชื้อทางเดินหายใจ โดยผู้แลควรให้ความสำคัญในการดูแลเด็ก ได้แก่ ภาวะโภชนาการ การได้รับการสร้างเสริมภูมิคุ้มกัน การหลีกเลี่ยงไม่ให้สัมผัสเชื้อโรค การได้รับยาเพื่อป้องกันภาวะหัวใจวาย การป้องกันการติดเชื้อเยื่อบุหัวใจ เพื่อให้เด็กโรคหัวใจพิการแต่กำเนิดสามารถดำเนินชีวิตภายใต้ข้อจำกัดทางกายได้อย่างปกติ และมีการเจริญเติบโตตามวัย อีกทั้งพยาบาลควรให้ความรู้และข้อมูลที่ถูกต้องเพื่อเสริมสร้างความมั่นใจให้กับผู้ดูแลในการดูแลเด็กเมื่อกลับไปอยู่ที่บ้าน และสามารถให้การดูแลเด็กได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ
References
1. Delaney A, Baker AL, Bastardi H, O’Brien P. The cardiovascular dysfunction. In: Hockenberry MJ,
Wilson D, Rodgers CC. Essentials of pediatric nursing. Missouri: Elsevier; 2017. p.738-85.
2. Oliveira P, Held P, Grande R, Ribeiro MO, Bobbio TG, Schivinski C. Profile of children submitted to
correction of congenital heart disease and analysis of respiratory complication. Rev Paul Pediatric.
2012;30(1):116-21.
3. Hearps SJ, McCarthy MC, Muscara F. Psychosocial risk in families of infants undergoing surgery for
a serious congenital heart disease. Cardiol Young. 2014;24(4):632–9.
4. Gregory MR, Prouhet PM, Russel CL, Pfannenstiel BR. Quality of life for parents of children with
congenital heart defect a systematic review. Journal of cardiovascular nursing. 2018;33(4):363-71.
5. Srichantaranit A. Nurses’ role in caring for young cyanotic congenital heart disease patients
suffering from anoxic spells. Thai Journal of Nursing Council. 2013;28(4):95-106. (in Thai).
6. Healy F, Hanna BD, Zinman R. Pulmonary complication of congenital heart disease. Pediatric respiratory reviews. 2012;13(1):10-5.
7. Yingrengreung S, Rachawat P. Providing care for children with congenital heart disease for good
quality of life. The journal of Boromarajonani college of nursing, Nakhonratchasima. 2014;20(1):
5-14. (in Thai).
8. Simmons FJ. Care of the child with altered cardiac function. In Votroubek W, Tabacco A, editors. Pediatric home care for nurse a family centered approach. 3rd ed. United States of America: Courier; 2010. p. 217-44.
9. Brien PO, Baker AL. The child with cardiovascular dysfunction. In Hockenberry MJ, Wilson D,
editors. Wong’s essentials of pediatric nursing. 8th ed. St Louis: Mosby Elsevier; 2009. p. 861–910.
10. Saengtaweesin C. Hpoxic spell. in Singhalvanich S, Saengtaweesin C, Sriaudomkajhon S, Kanchanapongsakul S, editors. Children's disease frequent 2. 2nd ed. Bankok: Sahamit Printing Publishing Leasing; 2009. p. 81-2. (in Thai).
11. Woodward CS. Keeping children with congenital heart disease healthy. The national Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners. 2011;25:373-8.
12. Parrish CR. Nourishing little heart: Nutritional implications for congenital heart defects. Nurition
Issue in Gastroenterology 2011;98:11-34.
13. Luewisetpaiboon C. Congestive heart failure. In: Sakulporn S, Sirichoti A, Luewisetpaiboon C, Bhamlakit O, Asadamongkol K, Jongbunyadjareon P, editors. Pediatric 2. Bankok: Nopachai Printing; 2012. p. 969-81. (in Thai).
14. Sophonthammarak S. Recognition of heart diseasesin children. In: Charurattanasirikul S, Wongchanchailert
M, Sunthornlohanakgul S, editors. Pediatric : Current care. Bankok: OS Printing House;2002. p. 252-70. (in Thai).
15. Pajan P, Witchayanon P. Recurrent respiratory infection. In: Likkasitwattanakul S, Bunyasit W,
Wisutseriwong W, Nitiyarom R, Sumbunnanon A. Pediatrics Siriraj text book. Bangkok: PL living;
2016. p. 712-24. (in Thai).
16. Ewy GA, Bobrow BJ. Cardiocerebral resuscitation : an approach to improving survival of patients
with primary cardiac arrest. J Intensive Care Med. 2016;31(1):24–33.
17. Hall CB, Weinberg GA, Iwane MK, Blumkin AK, Edwards KM, Staat MA, et al. The burden of
respiratory syncytial virus infection in young children. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:588-98.
18. Andres S, Bauer G, Rodriguez S, Novali L, Michli D, Farina D. Hospitalization due to respiratory
syncytial virus infection in patients under 2 years of age with hemodynamically significant
congenital heart disease. Journal de pediatric. 2012;12(88):246-52.
19. Rossi AC, Prefumo F. Accuracy of ultrasonography at 11-14 weeks of gestation for detection of
fetal structural anomalies: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol. 2013;122(6):1160–7.
20. Thuthong C. The effect of teaching according to health belief concept and caregiver participation
on health care behaviors of school-aged children with congenital heart disease [Degree of master
of nursing science program in pediatric nursing]. Bankok: Chulalongkorn University; 2007. (in Thai).
21. Wilson D. Health promotion of the infant and family. In: Hockenberry MJ, Wilson D, editors.
Essentials pediatric nursing. 8th ed. St Louis: Mosby Elsevier; 2009. p. 499-565.
22. Pitipat A, Bhokkhaphabhubeth S, Khamsripon C, Reungworaboon S. Factors related to behaviors
promoting toddler’s growth and development of toddler caregivers. Journal of Boromarajonani College of nursing Bangkok. 2018;34(3):1-10. (in Thai).
23. Phromreungrit K, Jintrawet U, Chotibang J. Caregiving and related factors among caregivers of children with congenital heart disease. Nursing journal. 2015;42:35-45. (in Thai).
24. Macallan D. Infection and malnutrition. Medicine. 2009;37:525-8.
25. Keawwichit N, Thachin K. Knowledge and the parental role in caring for children with heart disease.
Songklanagarind medical journal. 2007;25(4):273-82. (in Thai).
26. Chaisom P. Predicting Factors of Dependent Care Behaviors among Mothers of Toddlers with
Congenital Heart Disease. Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences. 2010;9(2):193-200.
(in Thai).
27. Niyomchat R, Wivatvanit S. Competencies of pediatric nurses. Journal of Boromarajonani college
of nursing, Bangkok. 2017;33(2):84-100. (in Thai).
28. Hassan BA, Albanna EA, Morsy SM, Siam AG, Shafie MM, Elsaadany, et al. Nutrition status in children
with un-operated congenital heart disease: An Egyptian center experience. Front Pediatr [Internet].
2015 [cited 2015 Jun 15];1-5. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/doi/10.3389/
fped.2015.00053
29. Petruentong P, Srichantaranit A, Prasopkittikun T. Growth and development in children with
congenital heart disease. Songklanagarind journal of nursing. 2018;38(1):10-21. (in Thai).
30. Nydegger A, Bines JF. Energy metabolism in infants with congenital heart disease. Nutrition.
2006;22:697-704.
31. Hassing W. Vaccines in Thailand's Immunization Plan. In: Phuthanakit T, Chatperdpai S, Phancharoen
C, Likitnukul S, Ngampaiboon C, editors. Vaccine from infancy to childhood and adolescence.
Bangkok: Thana place; 2010. p. 129-67. (in Thai).
32. American academy of pediatrics, Committee on infectious diseases immunization in special
clinical circumstances. In: Kimberlin DW, Brady MT, Jackson MA, Long SS, editors. 2015 Report of
the committee on infectious diseases. 30th ed. Elk Grove Village: IL;2015. p. 68-107.
33. Vantum C, Soomlek S. Health promotion of caregivers in children with congenital heart disease
undergone heart surgery. Journal of nursing science & health 2012;35(1):1-9. (in Thai).
34. Kathanyuwong P. Treatment of heart failure by medication. In: Sirijongkhonthong P, Durongpisitkul
K, Wijansorn C, Withedsonthi K, Panamontha M, Kengsakul A, et al., editors. Pediatric cardiology.
Bankok: AI Group Press; 2012. p. 407-22. (in Thai).
35. Moursi AM, Fernandez JB, Daronch M, Zee L, Jones CL. Nutrition and oral health consideration in
children with special health care needs : Implication for oral health care provider. Pediatric Dent.
2014;32(4):333-42.
36. Pimental EL, Azevedo VM, Castro RA, Reis LC, Lorenzo A. Caries experience in young children with
congenital heart disease in developing country. Brazilian oral research. 2013;27(2):103-8.
Wilson D, Rodgers CC. Essentials of pediatric nursing. Missouri: Elsevier; 2017. p.738-85.
2. Oliveira P, Held P, Grande R, Ribeiro MO, Bobbio TG, Schivinski C. Profile of children submitted to
correction of congenital heart disease and analysis of respiratory complication. Rev Paul Pediatric.
2012;30(1):116-21.
3. Hearps SJ, McCarthy MC, Muscara F. Psychosocial risk in families of infants undergoing surgery for
a serious congenital heart disease. Cardiol Young. 2014;24(4):632–9.
4. Gregory MR, Prouhet PM, Russel CL, Pfannenstiel BR. Quality of life for parents of children with
congenital heart defect a systematic review. Journal of cardiovascular nursing. 2018;33(4):363-71.
5. Srichantaranit A. Nurses’ role in caring for young cyanotic congenital heart disease patients
suffering from anoxic spells. Thai Journal of Nursing Council. 2013;28(4):95-106. (in Thai).
6. Healy F, Hanna BD, Zinman R. Pulmonary complication of congenital heart disease. Pediatric respiratory reviews. 2012;13(1):10-5.
7. Yingrengreung S, Rachawat P. Providing care for children with congenital heart disease for good
quality of life. The journal of Boromarajonani college of nursing, Nakhonratchasima. 2014;20(1):
5-14. (in Thai).
8. Simmons FJ. Care of the child with altered cardiac function. In Votroubek W, Tabacco A, editors. Pediatric home care for nurse a family centered approach. 3rd ed. United States of America: Courier; 2010. p. 217-44.
9. Brien PO, Baker AL. The child with cardiovascular dysfunction. In Hockenberry MJ, Wilson D,
editors. Wong’s essentials of pediatric nursing. 8th ed. St Louis: Mosby Elsevier; 2009. p. 861–910.
10. Saengtaweesin C. Hpoxic spell. in Singhalvanich S, Saengtaweesin C, Sriaudomkajhon S, Kanchanapongsakul S, editors. Children's disease frequent 2. 2nd ed. Bankok: Sahamit Printing Publishing Leasing; 2009. p. 81-2. (in Thai).
11. Woodward CS. Keeping children with congenital heart disease healthy. The national Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners. 2011;25:373-8.
12. Parrish CR. Nourishing little heart: Nutritional implications for congenital heart defects. Nurition
Issue in Gastroenterology 2011;98:11-34.
13. Luewisetpaiboon C. Congestive heart failure. In: Sakulporn S, Sirichoti A, Luewisetpaiboon C, Bhamlakit O, Asadamongkol K, Jongbunyadjareon P, editors. Pediatric 2. Bankok: Nopachai Printing; 2012. p. 969-81. (in Thai).
14. Sophonthammarak S. Recognition of heart diseasesin children. In: Charurattanasirikul S, Wongchanchailert
M, Sunthornlohanakgul S, editors. Pediatric : Current care. Bankok: OS Printing House;2002. p. 252-70. (in Thai).
15. Pajan P, Witchayanon P. Recurrent respiratory infection. In: Likkasitwattanakul S, Bunyasit W,
Wisutseriwong W, Nitiyarom R, Sumbunnanon A. Pediatrics Siriraj text book. Bangkok: PL living;
2016. p. 712-24. (in Thai).
16. Ewy GA, Bobrow BJ. Cardiocerebral resuscitation : an approach to improving survival of patients
with primary cardiac arrest. J Intensive Care Med. 2016;31(1):24–33.
17. Hall CB, Weinberg GA, Iwane MK, Blumkin AK, Edwards KM, Staat MA, et al. The burden of
respiratory syncytial virus infection in young children. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:588-98.
18. Andres S, Bauer G, Rodriguez S, Novali L, Michli D, Farina D. Hospitalization due to respiratory
syncytial virus infection in patients under 2 years of age with hemodynamically significant
congenital heart disease. Journal de pediatric. 2012;12(88):246-52.
19. Rossi AC, Prefumo F. Accuracy of ultrasonography at 11-14 weeks of gestation for detection of
fetal structural anomalies: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol. 2013;122(6):1160–7.
20. Thuthong C. The effect of teaching according to health belief concept and caregiver participation
on health care behaviors of school-aged children with congenital heart disease [Degree of master
of nursing science program in pediatric nursing]. Bankok: Chulalongkorn University; 2007. (in Thai).
21. Wilson D. Health promotion of the infant and family. In: Hockenberry MJ, Wilson D, editors.
Essentials pediatric nursing. 8th ed. St Louis: Mosby Elsevier; 2009. p. 499-565.
22. Pitipat A, Bhokkhaphabhubeth S, Khamsripon C, Reungworaboon S. Factors related to behaviors
promoting toddler’s growth and development of toddler caregivers. Journal of Boromarajonani College of nursing Bangkok. 2018;34(3):1-10. (in Thai).
23. Phromreungrit K, Jintrawet U, Chotibang J. Caregiving and related factors among caregivers of children with congenital heart disease. Nursing journal. 2015;42:35-45. (in Thai).
24. Macallan D. Infection and malnutrition. Medicine. 2009;37:525-8.
25. Keawwichit N, Thachin K. Knowledge and the parental role in caring for children with heart disease.
Songklanagarind medical journal. 2007;25(4):273-82. (in Thai).
26. Chaisom P. Predicting Factors of Dependent Care Behaviors among Mothers of Toddlers with
Congenital Heart Disease. Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences. 2010;9(2):193-200.
(in Thai).
27. Niyomchat R, Wivatvanit S. Competencies of pediatric nurses. Journal of Boromarajonani college
of nursing, Bangkok. 2017;33(2):84-100. (in Thai).
28. Hassan BA, Albanna EA, Morsy SM, Siam AG, Shafie MM, Elsaadany, et al. Nutrition status in children
with un-operated congenital heart disease: An Egyptian center experience. Front Pediatr [Internet].
2015 [cited 2015 Jun 15];1-5. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/doi/10.3389/
fped.2015.00053
29. Petruentong P, Srichantaranit A, Prasopkittikun T. Growth and development in children with
congenital heart disease. Songklanagarind journal of nursing. 2018;38(1):10-21. (in Thai).
30. Nydegger A, Bines JF. Energy metabolism in infants with congenital heart disease. Nutrition.
2006;22:697-704.
31. Hassing W. Vaccines in Thailand's Immunization Plan. In: Phuthanakit T, Chatperdpai S, Phancharoen
C, Likitnukul S, Ngampaiboon C, editors. Vaccine from infancy to childhood and adolescence.
Bangkok: Thana place; 2010. p. 129-67. (in Thai).
32. American academy of pediatrics, Committee on infectious diseases immunization in special
clinical circumstances. In: Kimberlin DW, Brady MT, Jackson MA, Long SS, editors. 2015 Report of
the committee on infectious diseases. 30th ed. Elk Grove Village: IL;2015. p. 68-107.
33. Vantum C, Soomlek S. Health promotion of caregivers in children with congenital heart disease
undergone heart surgery. Journal of nursing science & health 2012;35(1):1-9. (in Thai).
34. Kathanyuwong P. Treatment of heart failure by medication. In: Sirijongkhonthong P, Durongpisitkul
K, Wijansorn C, Withedsonthi K, Panamontha M, Kengsakul A, et al., editors. Pediatric cardiology.
Bankok: AI Group Press; 2012. p. 407-22. (in Thai).
35. Moursi AM, Fernandez JB, Daronch M, Zee L, Jones CL. Nutrition and oral health consideration in
children with special health care needs : Implication for oral health care provider. Pediatric Dent.
2014;32(4):333-42.
36. Pimental EL, Azevedo VM, Castro RA, Reis LC, Lorenzo A. Caries experience in young children with
congenital heart disease in developing country. Brazilian oral research. 2013;27(2):103-8.
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