Comparison of Advantages and Disadvantages of Methods for Extracting Bergenin from Herbal Extract
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Abstract
Introduction and Objectives: Bergenin is a key bioactive compound found in various medicinal plants and exhibits antioxidant and anti–inflammatory activities. However, standardized extraction approaches that ensure consistent quality remain limited. This study aims to develop a comparative conceptual framework of extraction methods for bergenin from herbal sources.
Methods: This study employed the conceptual analysis approach proposed by Walker and Avant, consisting of five steps: (1) selecting the concept; (2) determining the purpose of the analysis; (3) identifying the sources of the concept through systematic searches of ScienceDirect, Springer, Google Scholar, Pharmacia, and the Thai Journal Citation Index (TCI), yielding 1,211 articles, of which six relevant studies were selected for in–depth analysis; (4) defining the attributes of the concept; and (5) determining antecedents and consequences.
Results: Extraction methods significantly influence the yield and stability of bergenin. Microwave–assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound–assisted extraction (UAE) demonstrated high efficiency, shorter extraction time, and lower solvent consumption. Maceration and freeze drying were more suitable for preserving compound stability, whereas Soxhlet extraction and decoction were limited by thermal degradation. Polar solvents showed favorable extraction performance.
Discussion: Temperature was identified as the most critical factor affecting bergenin stability due to its heat sensitivity. MAE and UAE minimized degradation and improved extraction efficiency, whereas continuous heat–based methods tended to reduce compound stability. In addition, extraction time and solvent type also influenced extraction efficiency.
Conclusion and Recommendations: Selection of extraction methods should consider temperature, extraction time, and solvent type to obtain high–quality bergenin with preserved bioactivity.
Keywords: bergenin, microwave assisted extraction, extraction techniques, bioactive compounds,
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