Assessing Total Phenolic Contents, Total Flavonoid Contents, and Antioxidant Activities of Selected Ya Ayuwatthana Formulas for COVID-19 Prophylaxis
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Abstract
Introduction and objective: The COVID-19 virus remains a pressing global health concern, and its existing preventive measures are not foolproof. Additionally, post-COVID complications are still a possibility. Traditional medicine texts contain Ya Ayuwatthana (herbal elixir) formulas, designed to boost the body’s defences and prevent illness,[1] presenting a compelling avenue for infection prevention research. This study aimed to identify and select Ya Ayuwatthana formulas for analyses to determine their total phenolic contents, flavonoid contents and antioxidant properties.
Methods: For this experimental research, the drug formula selection process was guided by the following criteria: (1) inclusion of indications for treating COVID-19 symptoms in the formulas; (2) utilization of ingredients previously studied for their potential effects on COVID-19 prevention or treatment; (3) precise specification of ingredient portions and quantities in the formulas; and (4) utilization of readily available herbs with botanically recognized sources. And subsequently, the total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activities were determined using the DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC assays for the selected formula extracts.
Results: Based on the specified criteria, two Ya Ayuwatthana formulas (AYW-KK-01 and AYW-KK-02) were identified and selected. For both formulas, the aqueous extracts of AYW-KK-01 and AYW-KK-02 exhibited the highest total phenolic contents (356.16±3.18 and 370.05±3.65 mgGAE/g extract) and total flavonoid contents (41.41±0.36 and 38.13±0.32 mgQE/g extract). Furthermore, methanol extracts of both formulas demonstrated the most substantial antioxidant activities in the DPPH assay (IC50 = 5.47±0.06 and 4.55±0.06 μg/mL), the FRAP assay (188.30±3.53 and 193.20±1.06 mgTE/g extract) and the ORAC assay (232.25±4.22 and 302.57±4.30 mgTE/g extract).
Discussion: Methanol extracts of both formulas displayed the highest antioxidant properties, potentially valuable for disease prevention. Previous research has revealed a correlation between high blood antioxidant levels and the reduction of severity of viral infections including COVID-19.
Conclusion and recommendation: These outcomes highlight the promising biological properties of extracts from AYW-KK-01 and AYW-KK-02 formulas, particularly when polar solvents are employed. The data were important for future investigations and developments of health-promoting medications aimed at preventing COVID-19.
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