Antioxidant and Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activities of Ya-Kae-Lom-Utthang- Ka-Ma-Va-Ta Thai Traditional Medicine Formula in ATDC-5 Cells
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Abstract
Introduction and objectives: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA), a disabling joint inflammatory disease, is caused by nitric oxide (NO) established as one of its major causes. Many previous studies have shown that bioactive compounds and plant extracts can exhibit chondroprotective effects by suppressing the expression of NO and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The objectives of this research were to determine total phenolic content and total flavonoid content, and investigate antioxidant and inhibitory effects of nitric oxide by 95% ethanolic extract of Ya Kae Lom Utthangkhamawata (UKLU) formula in ADTC-5 mouse chondrogenic cells.
Methods: The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were determined by folin ciocalteu and aluminium chloride methods, respectively. Antioxidant activity was also determined using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. Inhibitory activity against nitric oxide production was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) used as the assay for anti-inflammation in ATDC-5 cells. In finally, the MTT assay was used to measure cytotoxicity.
Results: In the UKLU formula extract, 479.33±2.08 mg GAE/g and 177.89±3.02 mg GAE/g of total phenolics and total flavonoids, respectively, were found. In the formula extract’s antioxidant activity testing, the IC50 values were 137.72 µg/mL for DPPH method and 27.28 µg/mL in ABTS method. And finally, the formula extract was further tested for anti-inflammatory via inhibition of nitric oxide production and cytotoxicity in ATDC-5 cells. The ethanolic extract of the formula showed the nitric oxide inhibitory activities with the IC50 value at 41.88 µg/mL.
Discussion: This study provides scientific information on YKLU formula’s antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities via NO inhibition effects, which are associated with KOA. The effects might mainly result from phenolic compounds and flavonoids with such antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities.
Conclusion and recommendation: The present investigation indicates that the YKLU formula has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Further studies should be carried out on the feasibility of using the formula in treating KOA in the future.
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