Callus Induction and Rosmarinic Acid Production of Helicteres isora L.
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Abstract
Introduction and objective: Helicteres isora L. is a medicinal plant (known in Thai as po bit) that exhibits numerous pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial and hypolipidemic activities. The cultivation of H. isora has inconsistent amounts of active substances due to many factors. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a suitable medium to induce rosmarinic acid (RA) substance from H. isora callus using a plant tissue culture system.
Methods: Firstly, the sterile lateral bud of H. isora was used and cultured on Marashige and Skoog (MS) medium which contains plant growth regulator, thidiazuron (TDZ) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) for 45 days. The RA was determined in callus using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technique.
Results: The treatment of lateral bud with MS medium containing 0.4 mg/L TDZ and 0.3 mg/L NAA for 45 days could induce H. isora callus at 2.9±0.58 cm in diameter. The RA concentration was 0.3939% in dry weight and showed approximately 4.5 times higher than those of the natural sources.
Discussion: Callus culture can increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the desired active compounds in the herbal plant. In addition, it can reduce various factors that are caused by extracting substances directly from plants, such as reduced time, cost, including the contamination of chemicals, heavy metals, and various microorganisms. Therefore, the substances obtained from this process are of high quality and suitable for further use in both the medical and the herbal plant extract industry.
Conclusion and recommendation: This suitable medium is for callus culture of RA production. However, this study was based on the basic callus culture technique only. Increasing the efficiency of RA production can be done by adding other stimulants.
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