Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of “BAMRUNG-KHAIKHOR” Herbal Formula
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Abstract
Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis cause joint pain in people over 40 years of age that have a chronic disease affecting quality of life. This study reviewed BAMRUNG-KHAIKHOR (herbal joint pain) formula in Thatwipang and Loaknithan scriptures of the first Thai medical textbook Tumra Paetsart Songkroh. The formula was extracted with various solvents (water, ethanol, ethyl acetate and hexane) and then analyzed for total phenolic content, antioxidant activities with ABTS radical scavenging assay and DPPH radical scavenging assay, and inhibitory effects of nitric oxide using cytotoxicity test in the ATDC5 cells. The findings showed that ethyl acetate extract contained the highest total phenolic content whereas the water extract had the lowest content (4.1218 and 2.3001 mg GAE/g, respectively). Concerning antioxidant activities with ABTS radical scavenging assay, the ethanol extract exhibited the highest and the water extract exhibited the lowest (1.8241 and 0.0378 mg EEAC/g, respectively). The results were consistent with those from the DPPH radical scavenging assay compared to standard vitamin E, i.e. the ethanol extract exhibited the highest, while the water extract exhibited the lowest IC50 values (0.0544, 0.0749 and 1.4145 g/mL, respectively). Tested for the inhibitory effects of nitric oxide in the ATDC5 cells, the ethyl acetate extract exhibited the highest IC50 value at 44.4961 g/mL, while the hexane extract had no inhibitory effects. For the cytotoxicity test in the ATDC5 cells, the water extract, and ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts at a maximum concentration of 50 g/mL were not toxic to the cells. Altogether, the results indicated that ethyl acetate and ethanol were the optimum solvents for extracting the active antioxidants and nitric oxide inhibitors. These results confirmed that active herbal ingredients in this formula are good sources of antioxidants and nitric oxide inhibitors, which scientifically verify the properties of BAMRUNG-KHAIKHOR for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis pain relief.
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