The Evaluation of Physico-Chemical Properties of Garcinia cowa Roxb. Leaves
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Abstract
Garcinia cowa Roxb. ex Choisy, or chamuang in Thai, belongs to Family Clusiaceae. The young leaves of G. cowa are sour and used as laxative, antipyretic and mucolytic agents, and also as food. From a preliminary biological test, the ethanolic extract of G. cowa leaves inhibited cholesterol absorption. However, the standard methods for quality control guidelines of this plant have not been established in the Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the physico-chemical properties of G. cowa leaves. Seventeen samples of G. cowa leaves were obtained from natural sources in Thailand and compared to the authentic sample received from the Herbarium Laboratory. As a result, the properties were shown as follows (mean ± SD): the moisture, the total ash, the acid-insoluble ash, the water-soluble extractive, the 95% ethanol-soluble extractive and the total polyphenol contents (calculated on a dry basis as gallic acid), using Folin-Ciocalteu’s method, were 6.98 ± 0.81, 5.88 ± 1.26, 0.03 ± 0.01, 27.43 ± 3.47, 22.66 ± 2.75 and 2.10 ± 0.53 % w/w, respectively. The thin layer chromatographic identification showed 13 samples were positive to flavonoids and contained orientin. The results of this study have led to the establishment of a monograph and standards of G. cowa leaves in the Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia for use as a reference in Thailand
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