Chemical Constituents of Centotheca lappacea (L.) Desv. Aerial Parts
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Published:
Apr 30, 2017
Keywords:
barbed grass Centotheca lappacea (L.) Desv. silica phenolic flavonoid
Main Article Content
Abstract
Ya Yum or barbed grass (Centotheca lappacea (L.) Desv.) is a Thai indigenous herbal medicine
that is used to improve postpartum recovery by topical or oral administration. This study was aimed to
investigate the chemical constituents of C. lappacea (L.) Desv. aerial parts by various techniques, e.g.
HPLC, X-ray fluorescence, GC-MS including the determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents
and TLC-phytochemical screening. Results showed that the percentage of protein, fat, total dietary
fiber, ash content and minerals were 9.08, 0.25, 71.82, 9.27 and 13.49, respectively. Other compounds
were amino acids and vitamins. Silica and silicon were remarkably found in the crude drug sample with
the concentrations of 6.15% and 2.89% dry weight, respectively. GC-MS showed that the aerial parts
consisted of a wide range of compounds, i.e. phenolic compounds, fatty acids and phytosterols. In
addition, 4-coumaric acid and 5,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone were also isolated using column chromatography.
The smoke of the dried barbed grass and its residue contain compounds such as phenol derivatives
and fatty acids. Furthermore, the highest values of total phenolic and flavonoid contents were obtained
in the hot water extract and in the ethanolic extract, respectively. The alkaloids were not detected in any
extracts by TLC-phytochemical screening. In conclusion, the phytochemical-complex compounds that
were found in the aerial parts of barbed grass such as protein, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and
minerals may play an important role in its traditional use in a postpartum rejuvenating treatment.
Article Details
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Original Articles
References
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apples. Food Res Intl. 2006;39(5):575-80.
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National Buddhism Press; 2014. p. 122. (in Thai)
3. The library of Abhaibhubejhr. Ya Hee Yum, the herb for woman rejuvenation [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2015 Jan 26]. Available from: http://www.abhaiherb.com/ knowledge/thaiherb/5993 (in Thai)
4. Bureau of Animal Nutrition Development, Department of Livestock Development. Centotheca latifolia (Osb.) Trin. [Internet] n.d. [cited 2015 Jan 26]. Available from:
http://nutrition.dld.go.th/exhibision/native_grass/grass/ Centotheca%20%20latifolia.htm (in Thai)
5. Norsaengsri M, Chantaranothai P. The tribe Centotheceae (Poaceae) in Thailand. Thai For Bull (Bot.). 2008;36:52-60.
6. Liang L, Phillips SM. Tribe Centotheceae. In: Wu ZY, Raven PH, Hong DY. editors. Flora of China. Vol. 22: Poaceae. Beijing and St. Louis, MO: Science Press and
Missouri Botanical Garden; 2006. p. 444-6. Available from: http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/China/mss/volume22/FOC22_16_Centotheceae.pdf
7. McClatchey W. The ethnopharmacopoeia of Rotuma. J Ethnopharmacol. 1996;50:147-56.
8. Quattrocchi U. CRC world dictionary of medicinal and poisonous plants: common names, scientific names, eponyms, synonyms, and etymology. Boca Raton,FL:
CRC Press. 2012. p. 884.
9. Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health. Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia 2009 vol. III. Bangkok: Office of National Buddhism Press; 2009. p 103-62.
10. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 19th ed. Maryland: AOAC International; 2012. Official method 938.08.
11. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 18th Ed. Maryland: AOAC International; 2005. Official method 992.23.
12. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 19th ed. Maryland: AOAC International; 2012. Official method 2003.05.
13. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 19th ed. Maryland: AOAC International; 2012. Official method 985.29.
14. Munzuroglu O, Karatas F, Geckil H. The vitamin and selenium contents of apricot fruit of different varieties cultivated in different geographical regions. Food Chem.
2003;83(2):205-12.
15. Batifoulier F, Vemy MA, Chanliaud E, Remesy C, Demigne C. Effect of different breadmaking methods on thiamine, riboflavin and pyridoxine contents of wheat
bread. J Cereal Sci. 2005;42(1):101-8.
16. Gatti R, Gioia MG. Liquid chromatographic determination with fluorescence detection of B6 vitamers and riboflavin in milk and pharmaceuticals. Anal Chim Acta. 2005;538(1-2):135-41.
17. Sanchez-Moreno C, Plaza L, de Ancos B, Cano MP. Vitamin C, provitamin A carotenoids, and other carotenoids in high pressurized orange juice during
refrigerated storage. J Agric Food Chem. 2003;51(3):647-53.
18. British Standards Institution (BSI). Foodstuffs-determination of vitamin A by high performance liquid chromatography-P.1: Measurement of all-trans-retinol
and 13-cis-retinol. BS EN 12823-1:2000.
19. Herbert P, Barros P, Ratola N, Alves A. HPLC determination of amino acids in musts and port wine using OPA-FMOC derivatives. J Food Sci. 2000;65(7):1130-3.
20. Kaisoon O, Siriamornpun S, Weerapreeyakul N, Meeso N. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of edible flowers from Thailand. J Funct Foods, 2011;3(2):88-
99.
21. Woisky RG, Salatino A. Analysis of propolis: some parameters and procedures for chemical quality control. J Apic Res. 1998;37(2):99-105.
22. Sutthanut K, Sripanidkulchai B, Yenjai C, Jay M. Simultaneous identification and quantitation of 11 flavonoid constituents in Kaempferia parviflora by gas
chromatography. J Chromatogr A. 2007;1143 (1-2):227-33.
23. Yi B, Hu L, Mei W, Zhou K, Wang H, Luo Y, et al. Antioxidant phenolic compounds of Cassava (Manihot esculenta) from Hainan. Molecules. 2010;16(12):10157-67. doi:10.3390/molecules161210157
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25. Pietta PG. Flavonoids as antioxidants. J Nat Prod. 2000;63(7):1035-42.
26. Filho AAO, Fernandes HMB, Sousa JP, Maia GLA, Barbosa-Filho JM, Lima EO, et al. Antibacterial activity of flavonoid 5, 7, 4'- trimethoxyflavone isolated from
Praxelis clematides R.M. King & Robinson. Bol Latinoam Caribe Plant Med Aromat. 2013;12(4):400-4.
27. Filho AAO, Fernandes HMB, Sousa JPD, Maia GLDA, Filho JMB, Assis TJCFD, et al. Antifungal effect of flavonoid 5, 7, 4'- trimethoxyflavone against Candida
krusei strains. IJTDH. 2015;5(2):136-40. Article no. IJTDH.2015.014.
28. Yenjai C, Prasanphen K, Daodee S, Wongpanich V, Kittakoop P. Bioactive flavonoids from Kaempferia
parviflora. Fitoterapia. 2004;75(1):89-92.
29. Luceri C, Giannini L, Lodovici M, Antonucci E, Abbate R, Masini E, et al. p-Coumaric acid, a common dietary phenol, inhibits platelet activity in vitro and in vivo. Br
J Nutr. 2007;97(3):458-63.
30. Lodovici M, Raimondi L, Guglielmi F, Gemignani S, Dolara P. Protection against ultraviolet B-induced oxidative DNA damage in rabbit corneal-derived cells
(SIRC) by 4-coumaric acid. Toxicology. 2003;184(2-3):141-7.
31. Lodovici M, Caldini S, Morbidelli L, Akpan V, Ziche M, Dolara P. Protective effect of 4-coumaric acid from UVB ray damage in the rabbit eye. Toxicology. 2009;255(1-
2):1-5.
32. Opinion of the scientific panel on dietetic products, nutrition and allergies on a request from the Commission related to the tolerable upper intake level of silicon.
Request No. EFSA-Q-2003-018. The EFSA J. 2004;60:1-11. Available from: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/scientific_output/files/main_documents/
60.pdf
33. Price CT, Koval KJ, Langford JR. Silicon: a review of its potential role in the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Inter J Endocrin. 2013.
article ID 316783. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/316783
34. Ikegami F, Sekine T, Fujii Y. Antidermatophyte activity of phenolic compounds in çmokusaku-ekié. J Pharm Soc Jpn. 1998;118(1):27-30.
35. Rupasinghe HPV, Bitzer JB, Ahn T, Odumeru JA. Vanillin inhibits pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms in vitro and aerobic microbial growth in freshcut
apples. Food Res Intl. 2006;39(5):575-80.
36. Fitzgerald DJ, Stratford M, Michael JG, Narbad A. Structure-function analysis of the vanillin molecule and its antifungal properties. J Agric Food Chem. 2005;53(5):1769-75.
37. Hahn S, Kielhorn J, Koppenhofer J, Wibbertmann A, Mangelsdorf I. Resorcinol: Concise international chemical assessment document 71. Geneva: World
Health Organization; 2006. p 10. Available from: http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/cicad/cicad71.pdf