Stress Management Methods for Reducing Stress and Anxiety in First-Time Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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Abstract
Abstract
Stress during pregnancy affected both the psychological and physiological well-being of pregnant women and their infants, particularly in first-time pregnancies. This study evaluated the effectiveness of various stress management interventions in reducing stress and anxiety among first-time pregnant women. A systematic review was conducted using databases such as Scholar, CINAHL Complete, and PubMed, which covered studies published between 2020 and 2024. The quality of the studies was assessed using Heller's evaluation criteria, and relevant data were systematically extracted. Nine studies that met the inclusion criteria were identified and analyzed using the R program, which employed the Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) to determine the effect sizes of stress management interventions.
The findings revealed that stress management approaches, including yoga, mindfulness training, cognitive behavioral therapy, progressive muscle relaxation, hypnosis, stress prevention training, and relationship-building through touch, significantly reduced anxiety (SMD = -0.7172, p < 0.0001) and stress (SMD = -1.7522, p < 0.0001). Subgroup analysis indicated that relaxation training was more effective in reducing stress compared to mindfulness training. However, no significant differences were observed under the Random Effects Model. Additionally, no publication bias was detected, as indicated by Egger’s Test (p = 0.1215).
In conclusion, stress management interventions effectively alleviated stress and anxiety among first-time pregnant women. The integration of relaxation training and mindfulness practices into prenatal care programs was recommended to promote maternal and neonatal health outcomes.
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References
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