The Effects of an Eating Behaviors Development Program on Knowledge, Health Beliefs, Eating Behaviors, and Blood Pressure among People at Risk of Hypertention in Rural Nakhon Si Thammarat Province
Keywords:
Eating Behavior, People at Risk of Hypertension, Health Belief Model [HBM]Abstract
The objectives of this quasi–experimental research were to compare knowledge, perceptions, perceived self-efficacy, perceptions about eating behaviors, eating behaviors to prevent hypertension, and blood pressure levels among hypertension adults at risk in rural Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. The participants were adults (both male and female) aged 35-59 years, who had been hypertensive risk, with blood pressure between 120/80-139/89 mmHg. The experimental group, 30 people from the Banthungkhwai Subdistrict Health Promoting Hospital, was selected by the simple random technique, as well as the comparison group of 30 people from the Banthungsan Subdistrict Health Promoting Hospital. The tools were 1) the Eating Behaviors Development Program for Hypertensive Risk, based on Health beliefs model, 2) a record form, 3) a Line mobile phone application, 4) aquestionnaire, and 5) a sphygmomanometer. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t–test, Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test, and Mann–Whitney U test.
The results showed the following. After the experiment, the knowledge about hypertension in the experimental group was significantly higher than before the experiment, and increased more than the comparison group (p<.05). In the experimental group, both perceptions about hypertension, and perceived benefits of eating behaviors, were significantly higher than before the experiment. They were also higher than among the comparison group (p<.05). In the experimental group, perceived barriers to eating behaviors were significantly lower than before, and lower than in the control group. Perceived self-efficacy of the experimental group was significantly higher than before the experiment, but not different from the control group (p<.05). Eating behaviors to prevent hypertension were significantly higher than before the experiment, and increased more than in the comparison group (p<.05). The systolic blood pressure among participants of the experimental group was significantly lower than before the experiment, and decreased more than among participants in the comparison group. Diastolic blood pressure among the experimental group was significantly lower than before the experiment, and also lower than among people in the comparison group (p<.05).
The developed program should be applied to prevent high incidence of chronic non-communicable diseases. However, a follow-up of groups must be done every first and sixth months, so to pursue sustainability of eating behaviors and to do prospective screening for hypertension.
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