Journal of Nursing and Education

The Effects of Using Reflective Journals on Reflective Practice Behaviors in the Nursing Administration Practicum among Fourth-Year Nursing Students

Jitlada Piriyasart, Hasanah Pairoh, Muhammad Kamil, Che Hasan — Mon, 20 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study employed an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, consisting of a quantitative quasi-experimental one-group posttest-only approach and qualitative research. The objective was to examine the effects of using reflective journals on reflective practice behaviors in the nursing administration practicum. The quantitative sample comprised 43 fourth-year nursing students, while the qualitative sample included 7 students. Research instruments consisted of reflective journals, a reflective behavior assessment form, and a focus group interview guide. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. The results showed as follows.

1. After using reflective journals, students demonstrated reflective practice behaviors above the 75% criterion with statistical significance (p-value < .001).

2. Effective self-management during the nursing administration practicum was enhanced by the use of reflective journals, which supported students in preparation, leadership development, and professional nursing practice.

In conclusion, as students’ reflective practice behaviors exceeded the specified benchmark, nursing faculties should consider incorporating reflective practice into nursing education. This approach has the potential to foster positive professional attitudes, critical thinking, and leadership skills among nursing students.

The Development of the “LINE OA: Teen Mom Care” Innovation to Promote Self-Care Behaviors among Pregnant Adolescents with Anemia

Kanokrat Jittra, Warangkana Chatchawet, Sopen Chunuan — Tue, 14 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The use of mobile phone technology can be effective for promoting self-care behaviors among pregnant adolescents with anemia. This study was a pilot research and development project with three objectives: 1) to examine the current situation regarding the promotion of self-care behaviors in pregnant adolescents with anemia, 2) to develop and improve a prototype innovation app, called "LINE OA: Teen-Mom Care", and 3) to evaluate its preliminary effectiveness in promoting self-care behaviors among pregnant adolescents with anemia. The study was conducted in three phases. Phase 1 involved a literature review to analyze the situation and identify key problems. Phase 2 focused on developing and refining the prototype. Phase 3 evaluated its preliminary effectiveness with three pregnant adolescents diagnosed with anemia. The research instrument was a self-care behavior questionnaire designed to reduce anemia in pregnant adolescents. The questionnaire was administered before and after the use of the LINE OA: Teen Mom Care app. Its content validity was confirmed by three experts, yielding a content validity index (CVI) of 1. Reliability testing resulted in a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of .77. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results were as follows.

1. Self-care behavior promotion among pregnant adolescents with anemia requires ongoing development, particularly through the integration of appropriate technology, age-appropriate communication, health education, family and community support, and accessible learning media to effectively enhance self-care behaviors.

2. The prototype of “LINE OA: Teen Mom Care” comprised six components: a) educational animation media, b) a whack-a-mole–style game for selecting iron-rich foods, c) goal-setting cards,d) a medication reminder system, e) a behavior and goal recording system, and f) a communication channel with nurses.

3. The preliminary effectiveness evaluation indicated that the innovation improved self-care behaviors among pregnant adolescents with anemia.

This app can be utilized as a supplementary tool for counseling, health education, and continuous monitoring of self-care behaviors among pregnant adolescents with anemia. However, further research with a larger sample size are recommended to confirm its effectiveness.

The Effects of a Self-Efficacy Enhancement Program on Caregivers’ Language Development Promotion Behaviors for Preschool Children

Pachakamon Choochat, Natchanan Chivanon, Siriyupa Sananreangsak — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This two-group pretest–posttest design quasi-experimental research aimed to examine the effects of a self-efficacy enhancement program on caregivers’ competencies for language development promotion behaviors among preschool children. The sample consisted of 52 primary caregivers of child development centers in Ratchaburi Municipality. Participants were selected by simple random sampling and divided into an experimental (n = 27) and a control group (n = 25). All preschool children in child development centers were aged between 2 years and 3 years and 11 months. Data were collected from December 2023 to February 2024. The research instruments were 1) a general information questionnaire, 2) a language development promotion behavior questionnaire (CVI = .97 ; Cronbach’s alpha coefficient = .82), as well as 3) the self-efficacy enhancement program, consisting of an implementation plan (CVI = .96), storybooks, model videos, and a language development promotion manual (CVI = 1.00). Data were analyzed using chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, independent t-test, and paired t-test. The results showed as follows.

1. Caregivers in the experimental group had significantly higher overall language development-promoting behavior scores than those in the control group (p-value < .05). However, no significant differences were observed in behaviors related to receptive language (p-value = .055) and expressive language (p-value = .129) between the two groups.

2. Caregivers in the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher posttest scores compared with their pretest scores (p-value < .05).

These results suggest that nurses may apply this program for caregivers of preschool children to enhance their confidence and ability in effectively promoting children’s language development.

Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Components of Positive Mental Health Literacy for Thai Elderly

Khwanruean Sanitwong Na Ayuttaya, สกล วรเจริญศรี, Monthira Charupheng — Sun, 02 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This quantitative research aimed to analyze the confirmatory factor structure of positive mental health literacy among Thai elderly people. The sample consisted of 400 elderly individuals aged 60 – 79 years, selected through a multi-stage cluster sampling method from four regions of Thailand. The research instrument was the Positive Mental Health Literacy Assessment Scale, comprising 26 behavioral indicators categorized under six core components and measured on a 5-point Likert scale. The instrument demonstrated high reliability, with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of .88. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).

The results indicated that the model of positive mental health literacy among Thai elderly people was consistent with the empirical data: Chi-square (c²) = 248.39, p-value = 0.08, df = 219, relative chi-square (c²/df) = 1.13, GFI = 0.95, AGFI = 0.93, CFI = 1.00, and RMSEA = 0.02. All six components had positive and statistically significant standardized factor loadings at the .05 level. The six components were: problem-solving (0.97), prosocial behavior (0.93), relatedness and interpersonal relationships (0.90), personal satisfaction and self-actualization (0.90), self-control (0.87), and autonomy (0.83).

The findings support the components of positive mental health literacy among Thai elderly people. The model demonstrated a good fit to the empirical data, and all six components showed statistically significant positive factor loadings. This indicates the appropriateness of the scale for effectively assessing and promoting mental health in the elderly population.

Development of a Care Model for Pregnant Women with Anemia in the Thai-Muslim Context

Supavadee Jaihow — Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental research and development study aimed to develop a new care model for pregnant women with anemia in a Thai-Muslim cultural context, and to examine its effectiveness. Study was conducted in Narathiwat Province. It was divided in three phases. Phase 1 investigated the situation, problems, and needs in self-care, using document analysis and qualitative methods. The participants were 16 pregnant women with anemia. Phase 2 involved the development of a new care model, which was validated by experts. Phase 3 examined the effectiveness of the model. The sample consisted of 56 pregnant women with anemia. The research instruments included a self-care behavior questionnaire, a record form, and an evaluation form. The content validity indices ranged from 0.67 to 1.00, and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.86. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The results were as follows.

1. From 2021 to 2023, there was a decreasing trend in the number of pregnant women, and those with anemia near term. The main self-care issues were missed appointments, inconsistent medication intake, failure to adhere to recommendations, and anxiety. Participants expressed a need for after-hours nursing services, guidance on medication use, dietary advice regarding iron-rich local foods and vegetables, and mental health counseling.

2. The developed care model for pregnant women with anemia in Thai-Muslim cultural context, namely called the Chor-Chor-Tor Model, comprises the eight (8) following components: a)jer (meet) for screening pregnant women, b) jai (provide) for providing knowledge and medication, c) chuan (invite), for encouraging participation in activities, d) chom (showcase) for presenting examples of iron-rich foods, e) chim (taste) to explore sampling food, f) chai (apply) for assessment of acquired knowledge, g) truatsop (check) for monitoring outcomes, h) tornueang (continue) for providing ongoing education, and h) chob (finish), so to complete the process.

3. After implementing the model, pregnant women with anemia demonstrated significantly improved self-care behaviors and higher hemoglobin levels (p < .001), with no complications observed.

Therefore, this model can be implemented in proactive maternal care programs, both in hospital antenatal clinics and subdistrict health-promoting hospitals, emphasizing active engagement that align with the local context.

An Analysis of the Components of Ethical Identity Attributes among Nursing Students at Boromarajonani College of Nursing, Surat Thani, Faculty of Nursing, Praboromarajchanok Institute

Weerawan Keadthong, Rungnapa Chantra, Wandee Sueamak, Supalak Thanaroj — Wed, 12 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This descriptive research aimed to examine the level of ethical identity attributes, and to analyze the components of ethical identity attributes among 536 nursing students at the Nursing College of Surat Thani. The research instrument was the Ethical Identity Attributes Assessment Scale, which demonstrated a content validity index of .90. The reliability of the instrument, assessed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for each component and the total scale, was at the .98 level. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, as well as exploratory factor analysis, using common factor analysis with Oblimin rotation. The results showed the following.

1. Overall, the nursing students’ ethical identity attributes were at the highest level (M = 4.53, SD = 0.43). Considering each component, the highest mean score was found for respect (M = 4.60, SD = 0.46), followed by honesty (M = 4.55, SD = 0.47), while sufficiency had the lowest mean score (M = 4.42, SD = 0.47).

2. The analysis identified four components of ethical identity attributes: a) responsibility (17 variables), b) respect (10 variables), c) sufficiency (11 variables), and d) unity (11 variables), with a total cumulative variance of 64.514%.

The results suggest that data obtained from the Ethical Identity Attributes Assessment can be useful as a guideline for curriculum development, co-curricular activity planning, and the continuous cultivation of ethical values both in classroom learning and in clinical practice.

Cognitive Failures and The Occurrence of Unsafe Work Behaviors

Totsapon Butmee, Atitaya Jitjamnong, Kanokon Charoenpol — Tue, 14 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Unsafe behaviors are a critical and direct cause of occupational accidents. The manifestation of unsafe behaviors in the workplace result from multiple interrelated factors, particularly those associated with human cognitive processes and perception. In Thailand, previous studies on unsafe work behaviors have rarely applied theories of cognitive failure to explain their occurrence. The objective of this article is to describe the mechanisms by which unsafe work behaviors arise as a consequence of failures in human cognitive processes. This article discusses cognitive mechanisms, outlines seven types of failures in the cognitive process, and provides examples from international studies that highlight the connections between cognitive failures and unsafe behaviors. These insights can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of unsafe work behavior and serve as a foundation for advancing occupational safety research in Thailand.