Effect of titanium grade of dental implants on accuracy in linear and gray level measurement of alveolar bone using cone beam computed tomography.
Keywords:
cone beam computed tomography, dental implant, titanium, artifactAbstract
The aim of this study was to compare the bone height, bone thickness and the gray value around the dental titanium implants on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images between implant placement and without implant placement. Two types of titanium implant were placed into the premolar area of 5 dry human mandibles. Each mandible was scanned 3 times by a WhiteFox® scanner; without titanium, titanium grade 4 and grade 5 placements. Bone height and bone thickness were measured around the implant site on each radiograph. Paired t-test was used for comparison. The gray values were measured around the implant sites at mesial, lingual, distal, and buccal aspects at 0.5 mm, 1 mm and 2 mm from the implant surface. One-Way ANOVA was used for comparison the mean percent difference of gray values between 4 aspects. For the results, titanium grade 4 produced an increase of 2.03% in bone height and a reduction of 2.48% in bone thickness. Titanium grade 5 produced an increase of 1.52% in bone height and a reduction of 1.41% in bone thickness. Significant difference (p < 0.05) was detected in bone thickness of titanium grade 5 when comparing measurements performed with and without implant placement. Increased gray values were found at the lingual and buccal aspects of the implant sites, whereas reduced gray values were found at the mesial and distal aspects of the implant sites. The mean percent difference of gray values at 4 aspects around the titanium grade 4 showed the significant differences at 0.5 mm from the implant surface (p < 0.05) while the titanium grade 5 showed the significant differences at 0.5 mm, 1 mm and 2 mm from the implant surface. (p < 0.05). For conclusions, An increase in bone height and a reduction in bone thickness of two types of titanium implant on CBCT images hardly produced the significant effect to the implant placement in clinical practice. The artifact around the two types of titanium produced the increased gray values on buccal and lingual aspects while the reduced gray values were seen on mesial and distal aspects of implant sites.
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