Factors Influencing Hospitalization due to Falls in Elderly Patients: A Retrospective Case-Control Study
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Abstract
This retrospective case–control study aimed to identify factors influencing hospitalization due to falls in elderly patients. Data were collected from medical records of patients aged 60 years and older who were admitted to Charoenkrung Pracharak Hospital between July 1, 2019, and June 30, 2024. Patients were categorized into two groups: those hospitalized due to falls (n = 100) and a control group hospitalized for other reasons (n = 200). A data collection form developed by the researchers was used to extract demographic data, health behaviors, history of falls, comorbidities, and a list of medications used within 90 days prior to hospitalization. Group comparisons were performed using independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test, or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with fall-related hospitalization.
The mean age of participants was 75.17 ± 9.37 years, with 64% being female. Most baseline characteristics between the two groups were not statistically different, except for a history of falls within the past year and the number of medications used. Logistic regression analysis revealed that a history of falls within the past year significantly increased the risk of fall-related hospitalization (adjusted OR = 8.14, 95% CI: 4.46 - 14.86, p < .001). In addition, polypharmacy was significantly associated with increased risk: those taking 5 - 9 medications had an adjusted OR of 3.54 (95% CI: 1.68 - 7.45, p < .001), and those taking 10 or more medications had an adjusted OR of 6.38 (95% CI: 2.70 - 15.11, p < .001).
A history of falls within the past year and polypharmacy are key risk factors contributing to fall-related hospitalization in elderly patients. Fall prevention strategies, together with regular medication reviews to deprescribe unnecessary medications, should be implemented to improve the safety of elderly patients with these risk factors.
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