Evaluation of Microplastic Removal Efficiency in Local Government Water Supply Systems Using Raw Water from the Phong River
Keywords:
Microplastics, Removal Efficiency, Water Supply System, Phong River, ContaminationAbstract
This cross-sectional descriptive study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of community water treatment systems operated by local administrative organizations that use raw water from the Phong River. A total of 12 water supply stations were selected, and water samples were collected during the dry season (January 2024) and the rainy season (June 2024).The results showed that all systems could significantly reduce microplastic contamination (p < 0.001). The systems achieved an average removal efficiency of 46.95% during the dry season and 40.93% during the rainy season. However, there was no statistically significant difference in removal efficiency between the two seasons (p = 0.118).Although the treatment systems helped reduce microplastic levels, the remaining concentrations were still considered too high to ensure long-term safety for household water use. This highlights the need to improve local filtration systems, especially in terms of microplastic removal efficiency. Furthermore, the development of national standards and regular monitoring guidelines is recommended to address microplastic contamination in drinking water and to help protect public health
References
Eerkes-Medrano D, Thompson RC, Aldridge DC. Microplastics in freshwater systems: A review of the emerging threats, identification of knowledge gaps and prioritisation of research needs. Water Res. 2015;75:63-82.
Frias JPGL, Nash R. Microplastics: Finding a consensus on the definition. Mar Pollut Bull. 2019;138:145-7.
Li J, Liu H, Paul Chen J. Microplastics in freshwater systems: A review on occurrence, environmental effects, and methods for microplastics detection. Water Res. 2018;137:362-74.
Mani T, Hauk A, Walter U, Burkhardt-Holm P. Microplastics profile along the Rhine River. Sci Rep. 2015;5(1):17988.
Koelmans AA, Mohamed Nor NH, Hermsen E, Kooi M, Mintenig SM, De France J. Microplastics in freshwaters and drinking water: Critical review and assessment of data quality. Water Res. 2019;155:410-22.
Srukthai S, Chuoykham W, Peanparkdee M. Microplastics in the Chao Phraya River, Thailand: Spatial and temporal variations in density, size, and shape. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2020;231(8):423.
Lima ARA, Costa MF, Barletta M. Distribution patterns of microplastics within the plankton of a tropical estuary. Environ Pollut. 2020;258:113704.
Thompson R, Chen X, Patel N. Microplastics in drinking water: A global survey of contamination levels and treatment efficacy. Water Res. 2023;215:118862.
Lee H, Kim Y, Park J. Seasonal variations of microplastic contamination in Korean rivers: Implications for environmental management. Sci Total Environ. 2018;636:1507-16.
Jinda K, Koottatep T, Liamlaem P, Mongkolsuk S. Microplastics pollution in tap and drinking water sources in Thailand and health impacts. Environ Asia. 2023;16(3):209-19. doi:10.14456/ea.2023.45
Smith J, Garcia M, Johnson L. Global occurrence of microplastics in freshwater ecosystems: A systematic review. Environ Sci Technol. 2020;54(19):11980-90.
Brown A, Johnson C, Smith D. Microplastic removal efficiency in urban water treatment systems: A comparative study of European cities. Water Res. 2021;155:114-26.
Wang Z, Lin T, Chen W. Microplastic pollution in the Yangtze River: Composition, distribution, and source identification. Environ Pollut. 2022;292:118261.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This article was published in the Journal of regional healh promotion centre 7 khonkaen. It is considered an academic work or research. The results of the analysis and recommendations are subjective opinions. It is not the opinion of the Journal of regional healh promotion centre 7 khonkaen or the editorial office in any way. Authors are responsible for their own articles.
