Predictive Factors of Self-Care Behaviors among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes at Nakhon Phanom Hospital
Keywords:
self-care behaviors, type 2 diabetes, health literacyAbstract
This research was a descriptive predictive correlational study aiming to investigate the levels of factors, relationships, and predictors of self-care behaviors among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) at Nakhon Phanom Hospital. The participants consisted of 107 T2DM patients receiving care at Nakhon Phanom Hospital who met the inclusion criteria and were selected using simple random sampling. The research instruments included questionnaires covering: 1) personal information, 2) personal competence, 3) health perception, 4) social support, 5) health literacy related to T2DM, and (6) self-care behaviors of diabetic patients. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the instruments were 0.83, 0.89, 0.97, 0.96, and 0.84, respectively. Data were analyzed using Point-biserial correlations, Eta correlations, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression analysis.
The results showed that majority of participants had moderate mean levels of personal competence, health perception, health literacy regarding T2DM, and self-care behaviors. The mean score for social support was rated at a high level and showed a low positive correlation with self-care behaviors, whereas personal competence, health perception, and health literacy demonstrated moderate positive correlations with self-care behaviors. Furthermore, two factors, personal competence and health perception, were found to significantly predict self-care behaviors among T2DM patients, accounting for 28.90% of the variance. The findings of this study can be applied to enhance the self-care capacity of patients with diabetes. A model to promote diabetes care could be developed by emphasizing strategies to improve patients’ personal abilities. Additionally, care approaches should be adjusted to focus on stimulating patients’ awareness of their own health conditions and their potential consequences in order to raise awareness and encourage appropriate self-care behaviors.
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