Prevalence of ADHD-Related Behaviors and Associated Factors as Perceived by Parents among Children Aged 6–15 Years in Roi Et Province
Keywords:
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), prevalence, associated factorsAbstract
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a chronic psychiatric condition in children that affects the behavior, emotion regulation, learning, social interaction, and daily functioning of both the child and those involved in their care. The global prevalence of ADHD among children is on the rise. This cross-sectional analytical research study was conducted to assess parents’ knowledge and understanding of ADHD, to describe the prevalence of ADHD-related behaviors, and to examine the factors associated with ADHD-related behaviors among children aged 6–15 years in a subdistrict of Roi Et Province, Thailand. A total of 107 parents participated in the study. The research instruments included a questionnaire on the parents’ knowledge and understanding of ADHD and an ADHD behavior assessment tool. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including Chi-square tests for categorical variables and independent t-tests for continuous variables, with a significance level set at .05.
The results showed that 63.55% of parents had a good level of knowledge and understanding of ADHD based on Bloom's criteria. The most prevalent ADHD-related behavior reported among children aged 6–15 years was inattention (34.58%; 95% CI: 24.79–43.42), followed by oppositional behavior, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, respectively. Factors significantly associated with ADHD-related behaviors as perceived by parents included: parent’s gender, which was associated with oppositional behavior in children; adequacy of family income, which was associated with children’s inattention; and children’s education level, which was associated with hyperactivity and impulsivity. These findings provide essential insights for developing the professional role of nurses in prevention, early screening, and family support, contributing to the promotion of long-term well-being among children aged 6–15 years.
Downloads
References
Somyuen N. Development of a remote service system for screening for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in 2nd grade students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sisaket Journal of Research and Health Development. 2023;2(1):23–38. (in Thai)
Teepapal T, Saetew P, Rueangsawat S, Naknit T, Khamaurai N. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorders and factors related to behavioral problems in school-aged children: A literature review. Journal of Health Research and Innovation. 2022;5(2):28–41. (in Thai)
Boon-yasidhi V. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Diagnosis and management. Journal of the Psychiatrist Association of Thailand. 2012;57(4):373–86. (in Thai)
Faraone SV, Asherson P, Banaschewski T, Biederman J, Buitelaar JK, Ramos-Quiroga JA, et al. The World Federation of ADHD International Consensus Statement: 208 evidence-based conclusions about the disorder. Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews. 2021;128:789–818. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.022
Ayano G, Demelash S, Gizachew Y, Tsegay L, Alati R. The global prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: An umbrella review of meta-analyses. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2023;339:860–6. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.071
Gu Q, Liu J, Zhang X, Huang A, Yu X, Wu K, et al. Association between heavy metals exposure and risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2024:921–41. doi:10.1007/s00787-024-02546-z
Visanuyothin T, Wachiradilok P, Buranasuksakul T, Pavasuthipaisit C, Arunruang P. The prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Thailand. Journal of Mental Health of Thailand. 2013;21(2):66–75. (in Thai)
Sakrinkul C. Understanding ADHD and the role of parents in caring for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In: Sirithongthawon S, editor. A guide for screening and behavioral adjustment of children with ADHD: for parents. 1st ed. Chiang Mai: Siam Pimnana; 2017. p. 1–32. (in Thai)
Punpukdee P, Tipwareerom W, Thojampa S. Predictive factors for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among primary school students according to parent's perception. Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences. 2021;15(3):38–51. (in Thai)
Ngamkum D, Yunibhan J. Relationships between family factors and behavioral problems in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Eastern region. The Journal of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health. 2013;27(1):16–28. (in Thai)
Wamulugwa J, Kakooza A, Kitaka SB, Nalugya J, Kaddumukasa M, Moore S, et al. Prevalence and associated factors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among Ugandan children: A cross-sectional study. Child and Adolescent and Psychiatry and Mental Health. 2017;11:1–7. doi: 10.1186/s13034-017-0155-6
Lingineni RK, Biswas S, Ahmad N, Jackson BE, Bae S, Singh KP. Factors associated with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder among US children: Results from a national survey. BMC Pediatrics. 2012;50(12):1-10. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-12-50
Phongsathirat P, Wachiradilok P. Factors associated with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders in school-age children. The Journal of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health. 2013;27(1):108–20. (in Thai)
Lompra-kon P. Factors associated with treatment outcomes of ADHD in children (2020–2021). Medical Journal of Srisaket Surin Buriram Hospitals. 2022;37(2):381–90. (in Thai)
Boonsinchai S. Factors affecting access to health services for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Phochai District, Roi-Et Province. Journal of Environment Health and Community Health. 2024;9(2):58–63. (in Thai)
Claussen AH, Holbrook JR, Hutchins HJ, Robinson LR, Bloomfield J, Meng L, et al. All in the family? A systematic review and meta-analysis of parenting and family environment as risk factors for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Prevention Science. 2024;25(Suppl 2):249–71. doi:10.1007/s11121-022-01358-4
Mental Health Division, Roi Et Provincial Public Health Office. Report on child and adolescent mental health services [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2024 Dec 05]. Available from: https://www.shorturl.asia/e0o4h (in Thai)
Thongchan S. Analysis and design of health education for cancer patients. Journal of Siriraj Radiology. 2020;7(2):48–60. (in Thai)
Bloom BS. Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals. Handbook I: Cognitive domain. New York: David McKay; 1956.
Phitayaratsethian N, Buranasuksakul T, Jungsirakulwit D, Benyakorn S. Properties of the Thai versions of Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham IV Scale (SNAP-IV) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire – Hyperactivity/Inattention subscale (SDQ-ADHD). Journal of the Psychiatrist Association of Thailand. 2014;59(2):97-110. (in Thai)
Pimratana W. Associations between caretakers’ attitude, caretakers’ knowledge of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and child patients’ compliance to take methylphenidate (MPH). Journal of the Psychiatrist Association of Thailand. 2016;61(1):15–26. (in Thai)
Eagly AH. The psychology of gender roles: Social role theory. In: Ferree MM, Lorber J, Hess BB, editors. Revisioning gender. Thousand Oaks: Sage; 1999. p.123–44.
Rungreungklakij S. Isan family characteristics and mental health promotion. [internet]. 2003 [cited 2025 Apr 12], Available from: https://suicide.dmh.go.th/abstract/details.asp?id=380 (in Thai)
Srivichai C, Chaimongkol N, Pongjaturawit Y. Factors affecting health behavior in early adolescents with game addiction. Journal of The Royal Thai Army Nurses. 2015;16(3):114–21. (in Thai)
Saksritavee B, Chanwanpen E, Phenwan T. Factors associated with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders in school-aged children of Sichon Hospital: a cross-sectional study. Region 11 Medical Journal. 2019;33(2):327–38. (in Thai)
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Nursing and Therapeutic Care
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
