Effectiveness of a Self-care Promotion Program on Self-Care Behaviors, Self-Care Confidence, and Glycemic Control Levels Among Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Patients
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Keywords:
self-care program, type 2 diabetes, glycemic control, self-care behaviorsAbstract
This quasi-experimental research aimed to study the effectiveness of a self-care promotion program on self-care behaviors, self-care confidence, and blood sugar control in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. The study was grounded in Riegel's theory of self-care. The research was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 involved the development of the self-care program through a systematic literature review of 10 relevant studies and in-depth interviews. The program components included nutrition management, exercise, medication adherence, telephone follow-up, and blood glucose monitoring. Phase 2 evaluated the effectiveness of the program. The sample consisted of 40 patients with type 2 diabetes and poor blood sugar control selected by convenience sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires on self-care knowledge, self-care behavior, self-care confidence, and blood glucose self-monitoring logs. Data collection occurred between August and October 2024. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests.
The results showed that after participating in the program, the sample had significantly higher mean scores for self-care knowledge, self-care behaviors, and self-care confidence compared to before the program (p < .05). The mean scores increased from 13.93, 78.20, and 77.20 to 18.55, 91.13, and 94.20, respectively. Additionally, the proportion of patients able to adequately control their blood sugar increased significantly from 40% to 57%, while the proportion with poor or uncontrolled blood sugar decreased significantly from 35% to 10%.
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