Effects of a Health Literacy Promotion Program on Health Literacy knowledge, Self–Care Behavior, Glycated hemoglobin, and Blood Pressure among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension
Keywords:
health literacy, self–care behavior, diabetes mellitus hypertensionAbstract
This quasi-experimental, two group, pre-posttest design research aimed to study the effects of a health literacy promotion program on health literacy knowledge, self-care behavior, Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), and blood pressure in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN). Data were collected from 48 patients with DM and HTN who came for follow up at the Wat tai medical care unit at Sunpasitthiprasong hospital in Ubon Ratchathani province, Thailand. They were randomly assigned into two groups. The 24 participants assigned to the experimental group received the health literacy promotion program for 12 weeks and the 24 participants in the control group received usual care. Data were collected using the health literacy and the self-care behavior questionnaires, HbA1C checks, and monitoring the participants’ blood pressure before and after the experiment. The content validity indexes (CVI) of the instruments were .91 and .93, respectively. Regarding the reliability testing, Cthe ronbach’s alpha coefficients of the research instruments were .78 and .82, respectively. Data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations, paired t-tests, and independent t-tests.
The results showed that, after participating in the program, the experimental group had a statistically significant higher mean score for health literacy than before participating in the program and that it was also higher than the control group’s mean score. Additionally, the mean scores for self-care behavior were significantly higher than before participating in the program and significantly higher than the control group. After participating the program, the average HbA1C of the experimental group was significantly lower than before the intervention and lower than the control group. Furthermore, the systolic and diastolic blood pressures of the experimental group were significantly lower than that before the intervention, and lower than control group. The results point out that the health literacy promotion program should be applied to care-giving among the high-risk group of patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension As it yields improvements in their control of their sugar levels and blood pressure. Therefore, it should be used in the care of patients with diabetes and hypertension so that patients can engage in self-care behaviors which are appropriate for their disease and which will reduce severity and complications.
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