Relationship Between Health Literacy and Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection Prevention Behaviors of Older People Living in Chaiyaphum Province
Keywords:
Health literacy, Prevention behavior, covid-19, Older peopleAbstract
This descriptive study aimed to investigate the relationship between health literacy and the COVID-19 infection prevention behaviors of older people living in Chaiyaphum Province, Thailand. Convenience sampling was employed to recruit 384 older adults based on the estimation of a population mean formula for the sample size estimation. Data collection took place from January to April 2022. The research instruments were 1) the personal data record, 2) a set of six questionnaires about health literacy, and 3) the COVID-19 infection prevention behavior questionnaire. The reliability of the health knowledge and understanding of COVID-19 questionnaire was evaluated using KR-20 and got a score of 0.81. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of the questionnaires regarding assessing information and services, getting media and information, communication skills, appropriate health decision making skills, health condition management skills, and COVID-19 infection prevention behaviors were revealed to be 0.92, 0.87, 0.82, 0.91, 0.84, 0.90, respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients, and Chi-square tests.
The results revealed that older people had a moderate level of health literacy regarding health knowledge and understanding of COVID-19 of 58.07% ( =15.81 S.D.=1.59), high levels of health literacy related to assessing information and service ( =4.06, S.D.=0.39), getting media and information ( =2.46 S.D.=0.35), communication skills ( =2.74, S.D.=0.39), making appropriate health decision skills ( =2.67, S.D.=0.46), health condition management skills ( =2.80, S.D.=0.30), and COVID-19 infection prevention behaviors ( =2.92, S.D.=0.08). Health knowledge and understanding of COVID-19, communication skills and the occupation of older people as a personal factor had statistically significant positive relationships to COVID-19 infection prevention behaviors at p< .05 (rs=0.177; rs= 0.102, and x2 = 12.9, respectively. These results indicate that health promotion programs for enhancing covid-19 infection prevention have to take into consideration the health knowledge and understanding of COVID-19, communication skills, and occupation of the targeted population.
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