(บทความปริทัศน์) การตรวจทางห้องปฏิบัติการเพื่อวินิจฉัยการติดเชื้อ Legionella pneumophila

นภาวรรณ ปุณกบุตร; พิณทิพย์  สุชาติลิขิตวงศ์; ธนิษฐา  ฉัตรสุวรรณ

ผู้แต่ง

นภาวรรณ ปุณกบุตร ฝ่ายจุลชีววิทยา โรงพยาบาลจุฬาลงกรณ์ สภากาชาดไทย กรุงเทพมหานคร
พิณทิพย์ สุชาติลิขิตวงศ์ ภาควิชาจุลชีววิทยา คณะแพทยศาสตร์ จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย กรุงเทพมหานคร
ธนิษฐา ฉัตรสุวรรณ ภาควิชาจุลชีววิทยา คณะแพทยศาสตร์ จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย กรุงเทพมหานคร

คำสำคัญ:

การตรวจหาแอนติบอดี, แอนติเจน, การเพาะเชื้อ, Legionella pneumophila, PCR

บทคัดย่อ

Legionella pneumophila เป็นแบคทีเรียแกรมลบที่เป็นสาเหตุของการติดเชื้อในระบบทางเดินหายใจที่เรียกว่า “Legionnaires’ disease” พบได้ทั่วไปในน้ำ และแพร่กระจายโดยการสูดละอองน้ำที่ปนเปื้อนเชื้อนี้ L. pneumophila ซีโรกรุ๊ป 1 เป็นสาเหตุของการติดเชื้อที่พบมากที่สุด การตรวจวินิจฉัยทางห้องปฏิบัติการสำหรับการติดเชื้อ L. pneumophila สามารถทำได้หลายวิธี โดยวิธีการเพาะแยกเชื้อจากสิ่งส่งตรวจที่เก็บจากระบบทางเดินหายใจเป็นวิธีมาตรฐานที่มีความจำเพาะสูง แต่มีความไวต่ำและใช้เวลานาน การตรวจหาแอนติเจนของเชื้อ L. pneumophila ในปัสสาวะเป็นการทดสอบที่ให้ผลรวดเร็วและมีความจำเพาะสูง การตรวจแอนติบอดีในน้ำเหลืองช่วยในการวินิจฉัยและติดตามการระบาด การตรวจหาดีเอ็นเอของเชื้อในสิ่งส่งตรวจมีความจำเพาะสูงและให้ผลรวดเร็ว แต่ความไวขึ้นกับชนิดสิ่งส่งตรวจ การตรวจวิเคราะห์ที่รวดเร็วและแม่นยำจะช่วยเพิ่มประสิทธิภาพในการควบคุมโรคส่งผลให้การรักษาได้อย่างแม่นยำ และส่งเสริมการเฝ้าระวังแหล่งที่มาของการติดเชื้อและการป้องกันการปนเปื้อนเชื้อได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ

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