Tetracycline Group Residues in Labeled Organic Pork and Antibiotic Used Practices Among Swine Farmers: A Case Study in Pathum Thani Province
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Abstract
Background: Antibiotic residues in meat products are a major food safety concern, as they may cause allergic reactions, disrupt gut microbiota, and contribute to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Organic pork, in particular, is marketed with the expectation of being free from antibiotic residues. However, gaps may exist between consumer expectations and actual farming practices.
Objectives: This study aimed to (1) determine the presence of tetracycline group residues in fresh pork labeled as organic in Pathum Thani Province, Thailand, and (2) examine farmers’ practices regarding antibiotic use and withdrawal period compliance.
Methods: A mixed-methods design was applied. Fifty fresh pork samples were randomly collected from supermarkets and retail markets. Samples were analyzed using a preliminary antibiotic residue screening test kit developed by the Department of Medical Sciences, Thailand, which detects tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and chlortetracycline (Limit of Detection: 100 µg/kg). In addition, five swine farmers were interviewed using a semi-structured guide to explore their use of antibiotics and perceptions of organic production standards.
Results: Antibiotic residues were detected in 3 out of 50 samples (6.0%). Positive samples were found in the northern, southern, and western areas of the province. By outlet type, 2 positives originated from retail markets and 1 from a supermarket. Qualitative data indicated that while farmers acknowledged the restriction of antibiotics in organic systems, some still administered them in emergency cases and incorrectly believed that a 7-day withdrawal period was sufficient, contrary to recommended standards.
Conclusions: Although the detection rate was relatively low, the presence of residues in organic pork underscores gaps in certification, compliance with withdrawal periods, and supply chain monitoring. Strengthening organic certification systems, traceability, and farmer education on responsible antibiotic use is urgently needed. Given the limitations of screening kits, confirmatory laboratory methods should be used in future studies.
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