Effectiveness of Asthma Prevention Program for Vulnerable Elderly in Communities with Fine Particulate Matter 2.5 Microns, Bangkok

Abstract

This quasi-experimental study aimed to examine the effects of an asthma prevention program for older adults living in communities with PM2.5 air pollution. The sample consisted of older adults residing in Bangkok, selected through purposive sampling and divided into an experimental group and a control group, with 30 participants in each. Research Instruments 1) A 12-week asthma prevention program for older adults in PM2.5-affected communities, based on an ecological model. The program included asthma prevention lectures, training via the LINE application, lung exercises using the Blow & Balloon Exercise method with music generated by the Suno AI program, skill development for proper mask usage, air quality monitoring using the Air4Thai application, peer-assisted environmental assessment and improvement, a dust-free home contest, small-group discussions on community-based risk analysis, and environmental modification to reduce PM2.5 exposure. A questionnaire assessing knowledge and behaviors related to asthma prevention from PM2.5 exposure. 2) A peak flow expiratory meter to measure lung function. 3) A laser-based air quality monitor to assess PM2.5 levels. Data Analysis use descriptive statistics, proportions, and t-tests were used for analysis. The research findings indicate that after participating in the program, the experimental group showed significantly higher knowledge scores and improved preventive behaviors against asthma caused by PM2.5, as well as lower PM2.5 levels in their homes compared to before the program and the control group (p < 0.05). Therefore, it is recommended to promote the care of at-risk elderly individuals in the community by providing education through the LINE application, implementing the Blow & Balloon exercise for lung training, and continuously monitoring PM2.5 air pollution.