Factors Related to Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in The Intensive Care Unit of Tertiary Care Hospitals
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Abstract
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common hospital-associated infection found in intensive care units and all tertiary care hospitals, significantly impacting with a high fatality rate. The objective of the study was to evaluate the factors associated with the occurrence of VAP in intensive care units of tertiary care hospitals. A retrospective cohort study analyzed data from 30 tertiary care hospitals reporting incidence of hospital-associated pneumonia through the Infectious Prevention and Control and Antimicrobial Resistance surveillance program (IPC and AMR Surveillance Program) operated by Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Department of Disease Control, between January and December 2023.
Out of 6,441 hospital-acquired pneumonia cases, 62.1% were classified as VAP group, while 37.9% were non-Ventilator-associated pneumonia (non-VAP) group. There were 2,230 cases (83.2%) of patients with VAP admitted to the intensive care unit, and the treatment outcomes revealed that 641 VAP patients (69.6%) died. The binary logistic regression analysis revealed the associated factors related to VAP as follows: patients treated in intensive care units (AOR=5.4, 95% CI=4.73-6.35), patients infected with multidrug-resistant pathogens (AOR=1.3, 95% CI=1.15-1.49). The multidrug-resistant organisms more commonly observed in VAP than non-VAP were Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Patients admitted to intensive care units significantly correlate with the development of VAP. Multidrug-resistant infections are also more prevalent in VAP patients Healthcare personnel caring for patients on ventilators, especially those in intensive care units. should strictly adhere to hospital guidelines for infection prevention and control guidelines for ventilator-associated pneumonia, including the appropriate use of antibiotics.
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References
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