Analysis on treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children by Xu's pediatrics from the perspective of "five numen viscera"
Main Article Content
Abstract
The evolution of the relationship between form and spirit ("five viscera storing spirit" - "five numen viscera") has had a profound impact on later medicine. The "five numen viscera" is based on the basis of "reserving essence and qi", and emphasizes the role of "spirit", which is closely related to the human mind, thinking, movement, etc. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurological disorder in childhood, and the pathogenesis of TCM is attributed to the "five viscera losting spirit". Based on the theory of "five numen viscera", this paper systematically explains the significance of the theory of "five numen viscera" in the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in children from four aspects: the development and evolution of "five numen viscera" , the relationship between "five numen viscera" and ADHD in children, the treatment of ADHD by "five numen viscera" in Xu's pediatrics, and examples of typical cases, in order to understand the true meaning of the doctrine of "five numen viscera" in the Nei Jing, and to enhance the theoretical value of classical Chinese medicine in the identification and treatment of pediatric diseases.
Article Details
References
Reale L, Bartoli B, Cartabia M, Zanetti M, Costantino M, Maria A, et al. Comorbidity prevalence and treatment outcome in children and adolescents with ADHD. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2017;26(12):1443-57.
Antshel KM, Zhang-James Y, Wagner KE, Ledesma A, Faraone SV. An update on the comorbidity of ADHD and ASD: a focus on clinical management. Expert Rev Neurother. 2016;16(3):279-93.
Colvin MK, Stern TA. Diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2015;76(9):27643.
Hinshaw SP. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): controversy, developmental mechanisms, and multiple levels of analysis. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2018;7(14):291-316.
Palladino VS, McNeill R, Reif A, Kittel-Schneider S. Genetic risk factors and gene-environment interactions in adult and childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatric Genetics. 2019;29(3):63-78.
Tian DH, Liu GS. Elementary questions of the yellow emperor's internal classic. Beijing: People's Health Publishing House; 2020. (in Chinese)
Tian DH, Liu GS. Miraculous pivot. Beijing: People's Health Publishing House; 2020. (in Chinese)
Wang C. On balance (Lun Heng). Changsha: Yuelu Bookstore. 2015. (in Chinese)
Wu Y. Hongmingji. Beijing: Oriental Publishing House. 2019. (in Chinese)
Wang XZ, Wang SC. Analysis on evolution from five zang-viscera storing spirit theory in Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor to five spirit zang-viscera theory in Grand Simplicity of Inner Canon of Huangdi. J Tradit Chin Med. 2020;61(07):569-72. (in Chinese)
Yang SS. Grand Simplicity of Inner Canon of Huangdi. Beijing: Xueyuan Publishing House. 2007. (in Chinese)
Song DL, Yang JH. Theory of five numen viscera treating attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Pediatrics of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 2011;7(4):12-4. (in Chinese)
Chen XF, Xiao Z. Research progress of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by viscera syndrome differentiation. Jilin Journal of Chinese Medicine. 2017;37(08):851-4. (in Chinese)
Zhang JB. Classified Canon (volume 1). Beijing: People's Health Publishing House. 1965. (in Chinese)
Chen Y. Treatise on three categories of pathogenic factors. Beijing: People's Health Publishing House. 2020. (in Chinese)
Zhang ZC. Annotations on the yellow emperor's internal classic. Beijing:Traditional Chinese Medicine Classics Press. 2015. (in Chinese)
Zhang Y, Liu YT, Luo Y, Zhang L. Discussion on hyperactivity disorder of “excess of heart and liver, deficiency of spleen and kidney” based on brain-gut axis theory. Journal of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 2021;23(11):120-4. (in Chinese)
Sun YL, Wang YR, Qu XS. Animal experimental observation on the treatment of children's ADHD with "yizhi syrup". Journal of Shaanxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 1991;(4):37-8. (in Chinese)
Chen XF, Xiao Z. Clinical efficacy observation of longmu qingxin mixture on treating children attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Chinese Journal of Basic Medicine in Traditional Chinese Medicine. 2016;22(10):1366-8+81. (in Chinese)
Zhang CQ, Jiang ZY. Clinical observation of longmu qingxin mixture treating of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (heart-spleen deficiency and liver-yang hyperactivity. Journal of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 2016;18(11):104-7. (in Chinese)