Marginal Adaptation of Autopolymerized, Heat-Cured, Milled Polymethyl Methacrylate, and Three-dimensional Printed Methacrylate-Based Resin Provisional Crowns using Triple Scan Technique: An in vitro Study
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Objective: To compare the marginal adaptation of provisional crowns fabricated by four different fabrication methods using three-dimensional analysis.
Materials and Methods: Forty standardized resin dies simulating a prepared tooth were randomly assigned to four experimental groups (n=10/group). Provisional crowns were fabricated using autopolymerized polymethyl methacrylate (Unifast TRAD), heat-cured polymethyl methacrylate (SR Ivocron), milled polymethyl methacrylate (DD provi P HI), and three-dimensional printed methacrylate-based resin (Temp C&B UV 2.0). After temporary cementation with Temp-Bond NE under a standardized load, the marginal gap was assessed using a triple-scan protocol and three-dimensional inspection software (Geomagic Control X). Eight circumferential reference sites were evaluated for each specimen. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tamhane T2 post hoc tests (α=0.05).
Results: Fabrication method significantly affected the marginal gap (F=56.256, p<0.001). The milled group showed the smallest mean marginal gap (69.45±15.20 µm), followed by the three-dimensional printed group (72.43±9.29 µm), heat-cured group (108.33±5.57 µm), and autopolymerized group (113.24±5.65 µm). The digitally fabricated groups demonstrated significantly smaller marginal gaps than the conventionally fabricated groups (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, fabrication method significantly influenced marginal adaptation. Milled and three-dimensional printed provisional crowns showed smaller marginal gaps than conventionally fabricated autopolymerized and heat-cured provisional crowns. However, no significant difference was found between the two digital fabrication methods or between the two conventional fabrication methods. For provisional restorations in which marginal accuracy is particularly important, clinicians may consider either milling or three-dimensional printing instead of conventional fabrication methods.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
All articles, data, content, images, and other materials published in the Khon Kaen University Dental Journal are the exclusive copyright of the Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University. Any individual or organization wishing to reproduce, distribute, or use all or any part of the published materials for any purpose must obtain prior written permission from the Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University.
References
Vahidi F. The provisional restoration. Dent Clin North Am. 1987;31(3):363-81.
Regish KM, Sharma D, Prithviraj DR. Techniques of fabrication of provisional restoration: an overview. Int J Dent. 2011;2011:134659.
Falahchai M, Rahimabadi S, Khabazkar G, Babaee Hemmati Y, Neshandar Asli H. Marginal and internal fit and fracture resistance of three-unit provisional restorations fabricated by additive, subtractive, and conventional methods. Clin Exp Dent Res. 2022;8(6):1404-12.
Nawafleh NA, Mack F, Evans J, Mackay J, Hatamleh MM. Accuracy and reliability of methods to measure marginal adaptation of crowns and FDPs: a literature review. J Prosthodont. 2013;22(5):419-28.
Zafar MS. Prosthodontic Applications of Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA): An Update. Polymers (Basel). 2020;12(10):2299.
Al-Dwairi ZN, Tahboub KY, Baba NZ, Goodacre CJ. A Comparison of the Flexural and Impact Strengths and Flexural Modulus of CAD/CAM and Conventional Heat-Cured Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA). J Prosthodont. 2020;29(4):341-9.
Silva AS, Carvalho A, Barreiros P, de Sá J, Aroso C, Mendes JM. Comparison of Fracture Resistance in Thermal and Self-Curing Acrylic Resins-An In Vitro Study. Polymers (Basel). 2021;13(8):1234.
Wu J, Xie H, Sadr A, Chung KH. Evaluation of Internal Fit and Marginal Adaptation of Provisional Crowns Fabricated with Three Different Techniques. Sensors (Basel). 2021;21(3):740.
Mai HN, Lee KB, Lee DH. Fit of interim crowns fabricated using photopolymer-jetting 3D printing. J Prosthet Dent. 2017;118(2):208-15.
Lee WS, Lee DH, Lee KB. Evaluation of internal fit of interim crown fabricated with CAD/CAM milling and 3D printing system. J Adv Prosthodont. 2017;9(4):265-70.
Holst S, Karl M, Wichmann M, Matta RE. A new triple-scan protocol for 3D fit assessment of dental restorations. Quintessence Int. 2011;42(8):651-7.
GC Corporation. Unifast TRAD liquid: safety data sheet. Safety data sheet. Tokyo: GC Corporation; 2021.
GC Corporation. Unifast TRAD powder: safety data sheet. Safety data sheet. Tokyo: GC Corporation; 2021.
Ivoclar Vivadent AG. SR Ivocron: product information brochure. Product information brochure. Schaan: Ivoclar Vivadent AG; 2023.
Dental Direkt GmbH. DD provi P HI: safety data sheet. Safety data sheet. Spenge: Dental Direkt GmbH; 2022.
Guangzhou HeyGears IMC Inc. UltraPrint-Dental Temp C&B UV: safety data sheet. Safety data sheet. Guangzhou HeyGears IMC Inc.; 2022.
Bredent GmbH & Co. KG. Preparatory work: spacer varnishes. Product brochure. Senden: Bredent GmbH & Co. KG; 2017.
Holmes JR, Bayne SC, Holland GA, Sulik WD. Considerations in measurement of marginal fit. J Prosthet Dent. 1989;62(4):405-8.
Lee J, Ju S, Kim J, Hwang S, Ahn J. The comparison of the accuracy of temporary crowns fabricated with several 3D printers and a milling machine. J Adv Prosthodont. 2023;15(2):72-9.
Angwarawong T, Reeponmaha T, Angwaravong O. Influence of thermomechanical aging on marginal gap of CAD-CAM and conventional interim restorations. J Prosthet Dent. 2020;124(5):566.e1-.e6.
Berghaus E, Klocke T, Maletz R, Petersen S. Degree of conversion and residual monomer elution of 3D-printed, milled and self-cured resin-based composite materials for temporary dental crowns and bridges. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2023;34(5):23.
Sidhom M, Zaghloul H, Mosleh IE-S, Eldwakhly E. Effect of Different CAD/CAM Milling and 3D Printing Digital Fabrication Techniques on the Accuracy of PMMA Working Models and Vertical Marginal Fit of PMMA Provisional Dental Prosthesis: An In Vitro Study. Polymers. 2022;14(7):1285.
Hiramatsu DA, Moretti-Neto RT, Ferraz BFR, Porto VC, Rubo JH. Roughness and porosity of provisional crowns. RPG Revista de Pós-Graduação. 2011;18(2):108-12.
Lamb DJ, Ellis B, Priestley D. The effects of process variables on levels of residual monomer in autopolymerizing dental acrylic resin. J Dent. 1983;11(1):80-8.
Balkenhol M, Knapp M, Ferger P, Heun U, Wostmann B. Correlation between polymerization shrinkage and marginal fit of temporary crowns. Dent Mater. 2008;24(11):1575-84.
Abdelhady W, Abozaid D, Mohammed M, Ashraf M, Metwally M, Mohammed H. A systematic review on influence of printing layer thickness on the marginal and internal fit of 3D-printed fixed dental prostheses. Odontology. 2026;114(3):1021-43.
Reymus M, Lümkemann N, Stawarczyk B. 3D-printed material for temporary restorations: impact of print layer thickness and post-curing method on degree of conversion. Int J Comput Dent. 2019;22(3):231-7.
Euán R, Figueras-Álvarez O, Cabratosa-Termes J, Brufau-de Barberà M, Gomes-Azevedo S. Comparison of the marginal adaptation of zirconium dioxide crowns in preparations with two different finish lines. J Prosthodont. 2012;21(4):291-5.
Son K, Lee S, Kang SH, Park J, Lee KB, Jeon M, et al. A Comparison Study of Marginal and Internal Fit Assessment Methods for Fixed Dental Prostheses. J Clin Med. 2019;8(6):785.
McLean JW, von Fraunhofer JA. The estimation of cement film thickness by an in vivo technique. Br Dent J. 1971;131(3):107-11.
Svanborg P, Andersson M, Reinedahl T, Alstad T. Comparison of the 3D triple-scan protocol and the impression replica technique for 3-unit tooth-supported fixed dental prostheses. Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry. 2019;6:32-4.
Jain S, Sayed ME, Khawaji RAA, Hakami GAJ, Solan EHM, Daish MA, et al. Accuracy of 3 Intraoral Scanners in Recording Impressions for Full Arch Dental Implant-Supported Prosthesis: An In Vitro Study. Medical Science Monitor. 2024;30:e946624.
