Comparison of Surface Hardness among Acrylic, Cross-linked Acrylic, and Composite Resin Artificial Denture Teeth: An In Vitro Study
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Abstract
Objective: This experimental study aimed to compare the Vickers surface hardness of different types of artificial denture teeth.
Materials and Methods: A total of 72 posterior artificial denture teeth were prepared and divided into four groups (n=18). The groups consisted of Yamahachi FX (Yamahachi Dental MFG.), classified as conventional acrylic resin teeth; VITA MFT (VITA Zahnfabrik) and Livera alpha (Shofu Inc.), classified as cross-linked acrylic resin teeth; and Endura (Shofu Inc.), classified as composite resin teeth. Each specimen was sectioned in an occluso-gingival direction, 1 mm below the deepest point of the central pit. The specimens were then polished and tested for surface hardness using the Vickers hardness test under a 50-g load for 15 seconds. The mean surface hardness values were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, followed by Bonferroni post hoc test. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05.
Results: The mean surface hardness values of Yamahachi FX, VITA MFT, Livera alpha, and Endura artificial teeth were 20.41±0.24, 20.40±0.14, 20.28±0.27 and 30.48±0.25 kgf/mm², respectively. Endura artificial teeth showed significantly higher mean surface hardness than the other groups (p<0.05), whereas no significant differences were found among the other three groups.
Conclusion: Composite resin artificial teeth demonstrated significantly higher Vickers surface hardness than conventional acrylic resin teeth and cross-linked acrylic resin teeth (p<0.05). In this study, Endura, which is classified as a composite resin artificial tooth, exhibited the highest surface hardness, while Yamahachi FX, VITA MFT, and Livera alpha showed no significant differences.
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