Effects of Chili Balm on Pain, Pressure Pain Threshold and Cervical Range of Motion in Patients with Upper Back Pain Associated with Myofascial Pain Syndrome
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Published:
Jul 23, 2019
Keywords:
chili balm myofascial pain syndrome pain relief
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Abstract
Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is the most common muscular pain syndrome. Although chili balm has been used as an alternative treatment of MPS for a long period of time, there is not enough evidence to support the effects of chili balm on these patients. This study aimed to determine the effects of the chili balm on pain intensity, pressure pain threshold and cervical range of motion in patients with upper back pain associated with MPS. Fifty patients were randomly allocated to receive a 30-minute session of either chili balm (with rest on the bed) or sham chili balm (with rest on the bed) for 9 sessions over a period of 3 weeks. Pain intensity, pressure pain threshold and cervical flexion were measured before and after the treatment period. Results indicated that participants in both groups showed significant decrease in pain intensity, increase in pressure pain threshold, and increase cervical flexion (p < 0.05). However, the chili balm group demonstrated more improvement than the sham chili balm group in pain intensity at the end of the treatments (p < 0.05). In conclusion, chili balm could be one of alternative treatments for this patient population.
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References
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33. Melzack R, Wall PD. Pain mechanisms: a new theory. Science. 1965;150:971-9.
2. Strauss S. Myofascial Pain Syndromes [Internet]. 1998 [cited 2007 Feb 14]; Available from https://www.medicineau.net.au/clinical/musculoskeletal/Myofascial.html.
3. Fricton JR, Kroening R, Haley D, Siegert R. Myofascial pain syndrome: a review of 164 cases. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology. 1982;60(6):615-23.
4. Fishbain DA, Goldberg M, Meagher BR, Steele R, Rosomoff H. Male and female chronic pain patients categorized by DSM III psychiatric diagnostic criteria. Pain. 1986;26:181-97.
5. Kamanli A, Kaya A , Ardicoglu O, Ozgocmen S, Zengin FO, Bayık Y. Comparison of lidocaine injection, botulinum toxin injection, and dry needling to trigger points in myofascial pain syndrome. Rheumatology International 2005;25:604–11.
6. Majlesi J, Unalan H. High-power pain threshold ultrasound technique in the treatment of active myofascial trigger Points: A randomized, double-Blind, case-control study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2004;85:833-6.
7. Kiralp MZ, Ari H, Karabekir I, Dursun H. Comparison of low intensity laser therapy and trigger point injection in the management of myofascial pain syndrome. The Pain Clinic. 2006;18:63-6.
8. Hanten PW, Olson SL, Butts NL, Nowicki AL. Effectiveness of a home program of ischemic pressure followed by sustained stretch for treatment of myofascial trigger point. Physical Therapy. 2000;80:997-1003.
9. Cen SY, Loy SF, Sletten EG, Mclaine A. The effect of traditional Chinese Therapeutic Massage on individuals with neck pain. Clinical Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine. 2003;4:88–93.
10. Chatchawan U, Thinkhamrop B, Kharmwan S, Knowles J, Eungpinichpong W. Effectiveness of traditional Thai massage versus Swedish massage among patients with back pain associated with myofascial trigger points. Journal bodywork and Movement Therapy 2005; 9: 298-309.
11. Kosuwon W, Sirichatiwapee W, Wisanuyotin T, Jeeravipoolvarn P, Laupattarakasem W. Efficacy of symptomatic control of knee osteoarthritis with 0.0125% of capsaicin versus placebo.Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand. 2010;93:1188-95.
12. Ruangrungsi N. Spices. 3rd ed. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University Printing House; 1999. p. 167. (in Thai)
13. Pichiensoonthorn C, Chawalit M, Jeerawong W, Kam atibai tamra phra o-sot phra narai [Explanation of King Narai’s Medical Treatise]. Bangkok: Amarin; 2001. p. 72. (in Thai)
14. Thongmarong P, Phoomyai P. Determination of Capsaicin and Antioxidant Activity in Spicy Herbs. Proceedings of The 4th National Conference KPRU; 22 Dec 2017; Kamphaeng Phet , Thailand. Kamphaeng Phet: Kamphaeng Phet Rajabhat University; 2017. p. 931-6. (in Thai)
15. National List of Essential Medicines 2018. Thailand (2018), Published in Royal Thai Government Gazette, Vol. 135, Part 14G. (10 Jan 2018). (in Thai)
16. Borm GF, Fransen J, Lemmens WA. A simple sample size formula for analysis of covariance in randomized clinical trials. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 2007;60: 1234-8.
17. Scott J, Huskisson EC. Vertical and horizontal visual analog scales. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 1979;38:560.
18. Wilkie D, Lovejoy N, Dodd M, Tesler M. Cancer pain intensity measurement: Concurrent validity of three tools—finger dynamometer, pain intensity number scale, visual analogue scale. The Hospice Journal. 1990;6:1-13.
19. Fisher AA. Pressure threshold meter: its use for quantification of tender spots. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 1986;67:836-8.
20. Fisher AA. Documentation of myofascial trigger points. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 1988;69:286-91.
21. Reeves JL, Jaeger B, Graff-Redford SB. Reliability of the pressure algometer as a measure of myofascial trigger point sensitivity. Pain. 1986;24:313-21.
22. Tousignant M, de Bellefeuille L, O'Donoughue S, Grahovac S. Criterion validity of the cervical range of motion (CROM) goniometer for cervical flexion and extension. Spine. 2000;25:324-30.
23. Farooq MN, Bandpei MAM, Ali M, Khan GA. Reliability of the universal goniometer for assessing active cervical range of motion in asymptomatic healthy persons. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences. 2016;32:457-61.
24. Farrar JT, Portenoy RK, Berlin JA, Kinman JL, Strom BL. Defining the clinically important difference in pain outcome measures. Pain. 2000;88:287-94.
25. Hagg O, Fritzell P, Nordwall A. The clinical importance of changes in outcome scores after treatment for chronic low back pain. European Spine Journal. 2003;12:12-20.
26. Abbott JH. Mobilization with movement applied to the elbow affects shoulder range of motion is subject with lateral epicondylagia. Manual Therapy. 2001;6:170-7.
27. Price DD, Finniss DG, Benedetti F. A comprehensive review of the placebo effect: recent advances and current thought. Annual Review of Psychology. 2008;59:565-90.
28. Richards P, Stasko VG, Stasko I, Lacko M, Hewson G. ALGRX 4975 reduces pain of acute lateral epicondylitis: Preliminary results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II multicenter clinical trial. The Journal of Pain. 2006;7:s3.
29. Cantillon M, Vause E, Sykes D, Moon A, Hughes S. Safety, tolerability and efficacy of ALGRX 4975 in Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. The Journal of Pain. 2005;6:s39.
30. Simpson DM, Brown S, Tobias JK, Vanhove GF. NGX-4010, a capsaicin 8% dermal patch, for the treatment of painful HIV-associated distal sensory polyneuropathy: results of a 52-week open-label study. 2014; 30: 134-42.
31. Naosaran K, Nutakul W. Quantity and composition of spicy chili. Buletin of the Department of Medical Sciences. 1992;34:133-40. (in Thai)
32. Wolfson AB, Hendey GW, Ling LJ, Rosen CL, Schaider J, Sharieff GQ. Harwood-Nuss' Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer Business; 2010. 71 p.
33. Melzack R, Wall PD. Pain mechanisms: a new theory. Science. 1965;150:971-9.