Chemical Constituents, Biological Activity of Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less., and its Formulation Development as a Smoking Cessation Aid
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May 9, 2018
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Abstract
Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. (VC) [common name: little ironweed; Asteraceae] is a perennial herbaceous plant distributed in tropical regions and commonly found in Southeast Asia. In Thailand, VC has been used in both traditional and complementary medicine as an aid in smoking cessation treatment. Various parts of the plant containing a variety of chemical constituents have found many therapeutic uses in different aspects of traditional medicine. However, its active components and mechanism of action, particularly in smoking cessation,
remain unclear. This review article describes VC with respect to its botanical data, therapeutic uses in traditional medicine, chemical constituents and their respective biological activities, related clinical studies, and the formulation techniques for developing VC as a smoking cessation aid.
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References
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13. Bhattarai NK. Folk herbalm of Makawanpur district, Nepal. Pharm Biol1991;29:284-95.
14. Bohlmann F, Brind_pke G, Rastogi RC. A new type of germacranolidefrom Vernonia species. Phytochemistry 1978;17:475-82.
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18. Bohlmann F, Scheidges C, Misra LN, Jakupovic J. Further glaucolidesfrom south african Vernonia species. Phytochemistry 1984;23:1795-8.
19. Misra TN, Singh RS, Upadhyay J, Srivastava R. Chemical constituentsof Vernonia cinerea, Part I. Isolation and spectral studies of triterpenes.J Nat Prod 1984;47:368-72.
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21. Jakupovic J, Banerjee S, Castro V, Bohlmann F, Schuster A, MsonthiJD, et al. Poskeanolide, a seco-germacranolide and other sesquiterpene lactones from Vernonia species. Phytochemistry 1986;25:1359-64.
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31. Gupta M, Mazumder UK, Manikandan L, Bhattacharya S, Haldar PK, Roy S. Evaluation of antipyretic potential of Vernonia cinerea extract in rats. Phytother Res 2003;17:804-6.
32. Iwalewa EO, Iwalewa OJ, Adeboye JO. Analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory effects of methanol, chloroform and ether extracts of Vernonia cinerea Less. leaf. J Ethnopharmacol 2003;86: 229-34.
33. Kuo Y-H, Kuo Y-J, Yu A-S, Wu M-D, Ong C-W, Kuo L-M, Huang J-T, Chen C-F, Li S-Y. Two novel sesquilactones, cytotoxic vernolide-A and -B from Vernonia cinerea. Chem Pharm Bull 2003;51:425-426.
34. Mazumder UK, Gupta M, Manikandan L, Bhattacharya S, Haldar PK, Roy S. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Vernonia cinerea Less. extract in rats. Phytomedicine 2003;10:185-8.
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36. Chea A, Hout S, Long C, Marcourt L, Faure R, Azas N, Elias R. Antimalarial activity of sesquiterpene lactones from Vernonia cinerea. Chem Pharm Bull 2006;54:1437-9.
37. Hout S, Chea A, Bun SS, Elias R, Gasquet M, Timon-David P, et al. Screening of selected indigenous plants of Cambodia for antiplasmodial activity. J Ethnopharmacol 2006;107: 12-8.
38. Chen X, Zhan ZJ, Yue JM. Sesquiterpenoids from Vernonia cinerea. Nat Prod Res 2006;20:125-9.
39. Zhu HX, Tang YP, Pan LM, Min ZD. Studies on bioactive constituents of whole herbs of Vernonia cinerea. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi2008;33:1986-8.
40. Guha G, Rajkumar V, Ashok Kumar R, Mathew L. Therapeutic potential of polar and non-polar extracts of Cyanthillium cinereum In vitro. Evid- Based Compl Alt 2009;October 29.
41. Kumar PP, Kuttan G. Vernonia cinerea L. scavenges free radicals and regulates nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines profile in carrageenan induced paw edema model. Immunopharm Immunot 2009;31:94-102.
42. Saraphanchotiwittthaya A, Teaktong T, Ruenkesorn J, Sripalakit P.Effect of Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. methanolic extract on in vitro immunomodulating activity. J Thai Tradition Altern Med 2009;7(S2):130.
43. Latha LY, Darah I, Jain K, Sasidharan S. Toxicity of Vernonia cinerea. Pharm Biol 2010;48:101-4.
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47. Benjanakasakul P. Effectiveness of Vernonia cinerea for Smoking Cessation. Masterûs Thesis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Chulalongkorn University, 2006.
48. Wongwiwatthananukit S, Benjanakaskul P, Songsak T, Suwannamajo S, Verachai V. Efficacy of Vernonia cinerea for smoking cessation. J Health Res 2009;23: 31-6.
49. มุกดา ไชยมโน. เปรียบเทียบผลของการให้คำปรึกษากลุ่มร่วมกับการดื่มชาหญ้าต่อการสูบบุหรี่ของคนงานในโรงงานอุตสาหกรรม, วิทยานิพนธ์วิทยาศาสตรมหาบัณฑิต,มหาวิทยาลัยบูรพา;2545.
50. Jitpukdeebodintra S, Jangwang A. Coffee for smoking cessation. J Food Agric Environ 2009;7:130-3.
51.วัฒนะ พันธุ์ม่วง. การผลิตลูกกวาดอดบุหรี่หญ้าดอกขาวแบบนุ่ม, http://www.jvkk.go.th/research/qrresearch.asp ?code=1699, เข้าอ่าน ๒๒ มีนาคม ๒๕๕๓.
52. นรุเนตร บุญเลิศ,ลลิตา ปรอดฤทธิ์, ธนภัทร ทรงศักดิ์, จิตรลดา เวสารัชช์. การพัฒนาสูตรตำรับหมากฝรั่งสารสกัดหญ้าดอกขาวเพื่อใช้สำหรับการอดบุหรี่, โครงการให้ทุนสนับสนุนโครงงานอุตสาหกรรมสำหรับนักศึกษาปริญญาตรี สาขาวิทยาศาสตร์เคมี/เภสัช พ.ศ. ๒๕๕๐. ทางเลือก ๒๕๕๓; ๘ (ฉบับผนวก):๖๘.
53. Ngamwong S, Daewan P, Mulsri N, Paeratakul O, Preparation and evaluation of chewing gum containing Vernonia cineria (L.) Less. extract as smoking cessation aid. วารสารการแพทย์แผนไทยและการแพทย์ทางเลือก ๒๕๕๓;๘ (ฉบับผนวก) : ๖๘.
54. Deengarm J, Suchittanonratana S, Luangsanam S, Paeratakul O. Preparation and evaluation of compressed lozenges containing Vernonia cineria (L.) Less. extract as smoking cessation aid, วารสารการแพทย์แผนไทยและการแพทย์ทางเลือก ๒๕๕๓;๘ (ฉบับผนวก) : ๖๙.
55. วรรณวิษา บุญญะริกพันธุ์ชัย, สุวลี วัฒนศฤงฆาร, สลิลดา อรุณวงค์, อรวรรณ จิตรวาณิช. การตั้งตำรับแผ่นฟิล์มสารสกัดหญ้าดอกขาวเพื่อใช้ในการอดบุหรี่, ปริญญานิพนธ์นักศึกษา ปีการศึกษา 2552 คณะเภสัชศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยหัวเฉียวพระเกียรติ, http://pharmacy.hcu.ac.th/default.asp?bigtitle=ปริญญานิพนธ์นักศึกษา&middletitle=&content=project, accessed 1/4/2010.
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2. https://www.hear.org/Pier/species/cyanthillium_cinereum.htm, accessed 20/3/2010.
3. https://www.medplant.mahidol.ac.th/pharm/botanic.asp?bc=0721,accessed 20/3/2010.
4. https://www.medplant.mahidol.ac.th/pharm/botanic.asp?bc=1037,accessed 20/3/2010.
5. https://www.biogang.net/content_detail.php?menu=biodiversity&uid= 2586&id=25049, accessed 20/3/2010.
6. ภาควิชาเภสัชพฤกษศาสตร์ คณะเภสัชศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล, สยามไภษัชยพฤกษ์: ภูมิปัญญาของชาติ, กรุงเทพฯ : อัมรินทร์พริ้นติ้ง แอนด์ พับลิชชิ่ง; ๒๕๓๘. หน้า ๖๘.
7. https://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/new/Vernonia.html, accessed17/3/2010.
8. Koster JT. The compositae of the Malay Archipelago I. Vernonieaeand Eupatorieae. Blumea 1935;1:351-536.
9. https://www.csamunpri.com/herbals/herbslist/annual/page/16, accessed20/3/2010.
10. https://www.moph.go.th/ops/iprg/iprg_new/include/admin_hotnew/ show_hotnew.php?idHot_new=25432, accessed 17/3/2010.
11. Perry LM. Medicinal plants of East and Southeast Asia: Attributedproperties and uses. 1st Ed.,Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press; 1980. p.334-60.
12. Singh VK, Ali ZA. Folk medicines of Aligarh (Uttar Pradesh). Fitoterapia1989;60:483-90.
13. Bhattarai NK. Folk herbalm of Makawanpur district, Nepal. Pharm Biol1991;29:284-95.
14. Bohlmann F, Brind_pke G, Rastogi RC. A new type of germacranolidefrom Vernonia species. Phytochemistry 1978;17:475-82.
15. Bohlmann F, Jakupovic J, Gupta RK , Robert M. King RM, RobinsonH. Allenic germacranolides, bourbonene derived lactones and otherconstituents from Vernonia species. Phytochemistry 1981;20:473-80.
16. Bohlmann F, Zdero C, King RM, Robinson H. Hirsutinolides and othersesquiterpene lactones from Vernonia species. Phytochemistry1982;21:695-9.
17. Bohlmann F, Zdero C. Glaucolides and other constituents from southAfrican Vernonia species. Phytochemistry 1982;21:2263-7.
18. Bohlmann F, Scheidges C, Misra LN, Jakupovic J. Further glaucolidesfrom south african Vernonia species. Phytochemistry 1984;23:1795-8.
19. Misra TN, Singh RS, Upadhyay J, Srivastava R. Chemical constituentsof Vernonia cinerea, Part I. Isolation and spectral studies of triterpenes.J Nat Prod 1984;47:368-72.
20. Misra TN, Singh RS, Upadhyay J, Srivastava R. Chemical constituentsof Vernonia cinerea. Isolation and structure elucidation of a newpentacyclic triterpenoid. J Nat Prod 1984;47:865-7.
21. Jakupovic J, Banerjee S, Castro V, Bohlmann F, Schuster A, MsonthiJD, et al. Poskeanolide, a seco-germacranolide and other sesquiterpene lactones from Vernonia species. Phytochemistry 1986;25:1359-64.
22. Zdero C, Bohlmann F, Mungai GM. Glaucolides and hirsutinolides from african Vernonia species. Phytochemistry 1991;30:2653-4.
23. Misra TN, Singh RS, Srivastava R, Pandey HS, Prasad C, Singh S. A new triterpenoidal from Vernonia cinerea. Planta Med 1993;59:458-60.
24. Abegaz BM, Keige AW, Diaz JD, Herz W. Sesquiterpene lactones and other constituents of Vernonia species from Ethiopia.Phytochemistry 1994;31:191-6.
25. Adeboye JO, Asije W, Awe SO. Diuretic and antidiuretic of the leaf extracts of Vernonia cinerea (Less.) (Fam. Compositae). Phytother Res 1997;11:454-6.
26. Herrera CL, Sison FM, Paras YC, Dayap LA, Banal IL. Diuretic principles/compounds from Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. Phil J Sci 1998;127:April-June.
27. Latha RM, Geetha T, Varalakshmi P. Effect of Vernonia cinerea Less.flower extract in adjuvant-induced arthritis. Gen Pharmacol 1998;31:601-6.
28. Tandon M, Shukla YN, Tripathi AK, Singh SC. Insect antifeedant principles from Vernonia cinerea. Phytother Res 1998;12:195-9.
29. Abeysekera AM, de Silva KTD, de Silva SRP, Sirimanne VDP, Labadie RP, van den Berg AJJ, Vander Sluis W. Inhibition of chemiluminescence generated by zymosan-activated polymorphonuclear leucocytes by phenolic constituents of Vernonia cinerea. Fitoterapia 1999;70:317-9.
30. Gupta M, Mazumder UK, Manikandan L, Haldar PK, Bhattacharya S, Kandar CC. Antibacterial activity of Vernonia cinerea. Fitoterapia 2003;74:148-50.
31. Gupta M, Mazumder UK, Manikandan L, Bhattacharya S, Haldar PK, Roy S. Evaluation of antipyretic potential of Vernonia cinerea extract in rats. Phytother Res 2003;17:804-6.
32. Iwalewa EO, Iwalewa OJ, Adeboye JO. Analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory effects of methanol, chloroform and ether extracts of Vernonia cinerea Less. leaf. J Ethnopharmacol 2003;86: 229-34.
33. Kuo Y-H, Kuo Y-J, Yu A-S, Wu M-D, Ong C-W, Kuo L-M, Huang J-T, Chen C-F, Li S-Y. Two novel sesquilactones, cytotoxic vernolide-A and -B from Vernonia cinerea. Chem Pharm Bull 2003;51:425-426.
34. Mazumder UK, Gupta M, Manikandan L, Bhattacharya S, Haldar PK, Roy S. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Vernonia cinerea Less. extract in rats. Phytomedicine 2003;10:185-8.
35. Adikay S, Bharathi K. Nephroprotective activity of herbal extracts of Vernonia cinerea in the cisplatin model of renal toxicity in rats. AAPSJ 2006; 8: S2.
36. Chea A, Hout S, Long C, Marcourt L, Faure R, Azas N, Elias R. Antimalarial activity of sesquiterpene lactones from Vernonia cinerea. Chem Pharm Bull 2006;54:1437-9.
37. Hout S, Chea A, Bun SS, Elias R, Gasquet M, Timon-David P, et al. Screening of selected indigenous plants of Cambodia for antiplasmodial activity. J Ethnopharmacol 2006;107: 12-8.
38. Chen X, Zhan ZJ, Yue JM. Sesquiterpenoids from Vernonia cinerea. Nat Prod Res 2006;20:125-9.
39. Zhu HX, Tang YP, Pan LM, Min ZD. Studies on bioactive constituents of whole herbs of Vernonia cinerea. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi2008;33:1986-8.
40. Guha G, Rajkumar V, Ashok Kumar R, Mathew L. Therapeutic potential of polar and non-polar extracts of Cyanthillium cinereum In vitro. Evid- Based Compl Alt 2009;October 29.
41. Kumar PP, Kuttan G. Vernonia cinerea L. scavenges free radicals and regulates nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines profile in carrageenan induced paw edema model. Immunopharm Immunot 2009;31:94-102.
42. Saraphanchotiwittthaya A, Teaktong T, Ruenkesorn J, Sripalakit P.Effect of Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. methanolic extract on in vitro immunomodulating activity. J Thai Tradition Altern Med 2009;7(S2):130.
43. Latha LY, Darah I, Jain K, Sasidharan S. Toxicity of Vernonia cinerea. Pharm Biol 2010;48:101-4.
44. Dakshini KMM, Roonwal GS, Gupta SK. Heavy metal accumulation by Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. (Asteraceae) J Geochem Explor1982;16:235-8.
45. https://www.bloggang.com/viewblog.php?id=marquez&date=19-10- 2005&group=3&gblog=10, accessed 17/3/2010.
46. Zmeili S, Salhab A, Shubair K, Ghataibeh M, Suliman N, Al-Kayed A,et al. Clinical evaluation of a new A.S. mouth wash 881010 as an antismoking agent: a placebo-controlled double-blind trial. Int J Clin Pharm Th 1999;37:41-50.
47. Benjanakasakul P. Effectiveness of Vernonia cinerea for Smoking Cessation. Masterûs Thesis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Chulalongkorn University, 2006.
48. Wongwiwatthananukit S, Benjanakaskul P, Songsak T, Suwannamajo S, Verachai V. Efficacy of Vernonia cinerea for smoking cessation. J Health Res 2009;23: 31-6.
49. มุกดา ไชยมโน. เปรียบเทียบผลของการให้คำปรึกษากลุ่มร่วมกับการดื่มชาหญ้าต่อการสูบบุหรี่ของคนงานในโรงงานอุตสาหกรรม, วิทยานิพนธ์วิทยาศาสตรมหาบัณฑิต,มหาวิทยาลัยบูรพา;2545.
50. Jitpukdeebodintra S, Jangwang A. Coffee for smoking cessation. J Food Agric Environ 2009;7:130-3.
51.วัฒนะ พันธุ์ม่วง. การผลิตลูกกวาดอดบุหรี่หญ้าดอกขาวแบบนุ่ม, http://www.jvkk.go.th/research/qrresearch.asp ?code=1699, เข้าอ่าน ๒๒ มีนาคม ๒๕๕๓.
52. นรุเนตร บุญเลิศ,ลลิตา ปรอดฤทธิ์, ธนภัทร ทรงศักดิ์, จิตรลดา เวสารัชช์. การพัฒนาสูตรตำรับหมากฝรั่งสารสกัดหญ้าดอกขาวเพื่อใช้สำหรับการอดบุหรี่, โครงการให้ทุนสนับสนุนโครงงานอุตสาหกรรมสำหรับนักศึกษาปริญญาตรี สาขาวิทยาศาสตร์เคมี/เภสัช พ.ศ. ๒๕๕๐. ทางเลือก ๒๕๕๓; ๘ (ฉบับผนวก):๖๘.
53. Ngamwong S, Daewan P, Mulsri N, Paeratakul O, Preparation and evaluation of chewing gum containing Vernonia cineria (L.) Less. extract as smoking cessation aid. วารสารการแพทย์แผนไทยและการแพทย์ทางเลือก ๒๕๕๓;๘ (ฉบับผนวก) : ๖๘.
54. Deengarm J, Suchittanonratana S, Luangsanam S, Paeratakul O. Preparation and evaluation of compressed lozenges containing Vernonia cineria (L.) Less. extract as smoking cessation aid, วารสารการแพทย์แผนไทยและการแพทย์ทางเลือก ๒๕๕๓;๘ (ฉบับผนวก) : ๖๙.
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