The efficacy of sodium restriction dietary program versus standard usual care on the decline of kidney function among patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease stage 3

Abstract

Abstract

The experimental study aimed at studying the effects of sodium restriction dietary program among diabetes patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3. A sample of 128 patients was recruited using purposive sampling technique and was divided into experimental and control groups, in which each group contained 64 patients. Research instrument consisted of 2 parts. Part 1 included knowledge/ information on health education media and tools to reduce salt/ sodium. The quality of the research tools part 1 was assessed by 3 experts; CVI 0.90 and Cronbach’s alpha 0.90. Part 2 involved data collecting tools, in which consisted of a questionnaire on personal information and a questionnaire on food consumption behavior of diabetic patients with CKD stage 3. The quality of the research tools part 2 was tested by experts CVI 0.90 and Cronbach’s alpha 0.90. The study outcomes were measure via: eGFR, Urine Na, Hct, FBS, HbA₁C, and Blood pressure. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and Mixed-effects regression.

The results showed that the eGFR, urine sodium, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of the diabetic patients with CKD stage 3 in the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group. Thus, the sodium restriction dietary program should apply as a care guideline to diabetes patients with CKD stage 3 in order to reduced blood pressure and delayed kidney degeneration. The recommendations suggested that diabetes patients with CKD stage 3 should have access to participate in the sodium restriction dietary program to improve their healthy behaviors on low sodium diet.