Factors Associated with Receiving Long-Term Care among Elderly People in Pa Phayom District, Phatthalung Province
Keywords:
Long Term Care, Elderly People, Self-esteem, Self-care BehaviorAbstract
This cross-sectional analytical study aimed to explore the factors associated with long-term care needs in elderly people in a rural district of Phatthalung Province of Southern Thailand. The study sample included 1,692 participants, aged 60 years and older. Data collection was conducted from January to March 2018, using interviews to gather information on demographic characteristics, self-esteem, self-care behaviors, and long-term care needs. The research instruments were reviewed for content validity by three experts, yielding a content validity index (CVI) ranging from 0.66 to 1.00. Reliability scores of self-esteem and self-care behavior questionnaires were 0.87 and 0.85, respectively. The dependent variable for long-term care needs was classified into three categories: 1) no care required, 2) monitoring required, and 3) care required. Data analysis utilized descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression.
The findings identified several significant factors associated with long-term care needs.
Female elderly individuals were 1.39 times more likely to require long-term care (ORadj = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.13 – 1.70). Those aged 70 – 79 and 80 years or older had 1.64 and 3.68 times higher likelihoods, respectively, of requiring long-term care (ORadj = 1.64, 95%CI: 1.31 – 2.05; ORadj = 3.68, 95%CI: 2.76 – 4.09). Elderly individuals engaged in homemaking or agricultural work were 57% and 49% less likely, respectively, to require long-term care (ORadj = 0.43, 95%CI: 0.32 – 0.59; ORadj = 0.51, 95%CI: 0.40 – 0.64). Those with chronic illnesses were 1.89 times more likely to need long-term care (ORadj = 1.89, 95%CI: 1.54 – 2.33), while individuals with higher levels of self-care behavior were 22% less likely to require long-term care (ORadj = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.62 – 0.96).
This study suggests that promoting self-care behaviors in elderly individuals should be a priority for health promotion professionals. Areas of focus include nutrition, emotional well-being, physical activity, medication adherence, environmental health management, and reducing harmful habits. Special attention should be given to monitoring those aged 70 and older, as well as providing occupational support, to mitigate future long-term care needs.
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