Self-Management and Its Associated Factors among Patients after Heart Valve Replacement Therapy in China: A Cross-Sectional Study
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Abstract
This study aimed to describe patients' self-management after heart valve replacement and investigate relationships between age, self-efficacy, social support, depression, and self-management. A cross-sectional correlational design was employed to conduct the study. A simple random sampling was used to recruit 135 adults after mechanical valve replacement who came for follow-up at the cardiac surgery outpatient department of one hospital in Wenzhou, China. Instruments included the demographic information questionnaire, The Chinese versions of the Self-Management Scale, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Perceived Social Support Scale, and the Self-Rating Depression Scale. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were 0.91, 0.96, 0.90, and 0.80, respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation.
The results showed that participants reported moderate self-management scores (M = 102.07, SD = 5.86). Self-efficacy and social support correlated positively with self-management (r = .347, p < .01; r = .474, p < .01, respectively). In contrast, age and depression correlated negatively with self-management (r = -.201, p < .05; r = -.325, p < .01, respectively).
In conclusion, results inform targeted interventions to improve early postoperative self-management, including enhancing self-efficacy, strengthening social support, managing depression, and providing disease education. Such interventions may reduce complications, promote cardiac recovery, and improve quality of life.
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