Factors Associated with Health-Related Quality of Life in Persons with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus during the Coronavirus-19 Pandemic in Upper Southern Region
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Abstract
The purposes of this correlation research were: (1) to study the health-related quality of life of people with type 2 diabetes during the COVID-19 epidemic, and (2) to examine the relationship between selected factors, including body mass index, fasting blood sugar levels, lifestyle changes, social support, medication adherence, access to health services and the health-related quality of life of people with type 2 diabetes during the COVID-19 epidemic. The sample consisted of 235 adult patients with type 2 diabetes from the outpatient department of secondary hospitals and above under the Ministry of Public Health in Health Region 11, Upper Southern Region. The study was conducted between December 2023 and April 2024 using a multi-stage sampling strategy. Research instruments included a record form of patients’ demographic data, disease-specific quality of life measures, lifestyle changes, social support, medication adherence, and access to health services. The reliability coefficients for these instruments were 0.85, 0.83, 0.82, 0.86, and 0.81, respectively. The data analysis included descriptive quantitative statistics (frequency, mean, percentage, and standard deviation), and Pearson’s correlation.
The major findings were as follows: (1) The quality of life of individuals with type 2 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic, categorized by dimensions of quality of life, was found to be high in all aspects: diabetes control (Mean = 63.01, SD = 8.33); anxiety (Mean = 21.02, SD = 2.57); social burden (Mean = 28.09, SD = 3.18); sexual function (Mean = 20.36, SD = 1.18); and vitality (Mean = 90.85, SD = 6.89). (2) Factors associated with the quality of life of individuals with type 2 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic found that lifestyle changes and medication adherence showed a low positive correlation with quality of life, statistically significant at the .05 level (r = .28, .28, respectively) while social support and access to health services exhibited a moderate positive correlation, statistically significant at the .05 level (r = .37, .35, respectively). Body mass index and fasting blood sugar levels showed no correlation with the health-related quality of life of individuals with type 2 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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