The Effects of the Elderly Care for Frailty Prevention Program on Perceived Self-efficacy and Behaviors to Prevent and Delay of Frailty Progression in Elderly Patients
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Abstract
This quasi-experimental research with a two-group pretest-posttest design aimed to investigate the effects of the Elderly Care for Frailty Prevention Program or “Sung Wai Pong Gan Praw Bahng Program” on perceived self-efficacy and behaviors to prevent and delay frailty progression among elderly patients. The participants were elderly patients receiving treatment at the Accident and Emergency Department of Srinagarind Hospital, who met the inclusion criteria: 22 patients in the experimental group and 23 patients in the control group. The research instruments were: (1) the Sung Wai Pong Gan Praw Bahng Program, (2) the perceived self-efficacy scale, (3) the preventive behaviors and delaying frailty in elderly patients questionnaire, (4) a manual for preventing and delaying frailty progression, and (5) a video media about exercise for preventing and delaying frailty progression. All five instruments were tested for content validity and the CVI values were 1, 0.93, 0.96, 0.96 and 1 respectively. Regarding the reliability, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient values were 0.93 and 0.92. The experimental group received the program “Sung Wai Pong Gan Praw Bahng”, developed based on the self-efficacy theory, while the control group received standard nursing care. Data were collected before and after the experiment using the self-efficacy scale and the preventive behaviors and delaying frailty in elderly patients questionnaire and were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent t-test and paired t-test.
The study results indicated that after receiving the program, the experimental group’s perceived self-efficacy scores were significantly higher than both the control group (t = 3.167) and their pre-experiment scores (t = 4.499). Additionally, the experimental group showed significantly higher scores in behaviors to prevent and delay frailty compared to the control group (t = 10.292) and their pre-experiment scores (t = 8.953) (p < .05). Based on these findings, it is recommended that nurses involved in elderly patient care incorporate this program into their practice in managing older adults across different disease groups.
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